L'indice orbitaire et l'appréciation de la largeur de l'orbite ; essai de standardisation

Piquet, M.A.

doi:10.3406/bmsap.1954.2634

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…This change in shape impacts the three dimensions of the orbit. It is interesting to note that this deformation is indicative of the orbital index (Piquet, 1954). The latter is expressed Anthropological studies agree that it is impossible to determine the gender of an individual by the shape of the orbit (Husmann & Samson, 2011), as corroborated by our results.…”

Section: Main Morphological Variation and Explanatory Factorssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Quantification of global orbital shape variation

Prevost

Müller²,

Lauwers

et al. 2023

Clinical Anatomy

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The complex anatomy of the orbit generates a complex orbital shape that can only be quantified approximatively by classic linear measurements such as maximum width and height. There is no global three‐dimensional quantification of variations in orbital shape. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify a global three‐dimensional orbital shape variation in a healthy population and to test a series of explanatory factors. We investigated the hypotheses that orbital shape is related to gender(H1), orbital size(H2) and/or age(H3). Medical computed tomography(CT) images of 60 adult individuals were studied. The study sample consisted of 30 males and 30 females with a mean age of 25.1 years. Four anatomical landmarks and 140 semi‐landmarks were measured on both positive and negative 3D reconstructed orbits and analyzed with geometric morphometrics. A principal component analysis(PCA) was computed to define a morphological space. Shape variation was visualized using vector distance maps and diagrams. The greatest variation was seen in the length of the superior orbital fissure. There was a gradient in terms of orbital shape ranging from short, wide orbits to tall, narrow orbits. The analysis did not highlight any significant age‐, gender‐ or size‐related impact in terms of orbital shape variation. Future avenues to explore include the study of other potential explanatory factors such as the different embryological origins of the orbital bones, the passage of vessels and nerves, and ethnic origins. This method can also be applied to the study of pathological orbits.

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Section: Main Morphological Variation and Explanatory Factorssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…This change in shape impacts the three dimensions of the orbit. It is interesting to note that this deformation is indicative of the orbital index (Piquet, 1954). The latter is expressed as the centesimal height to width ratio of the orbital frame [(orbital height x100)/orbital width].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantification of global orbital shape variation

Prevost

Müller²,

Lauwers

et al. 2023

Clinical Anatomy

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“…It is calculated as the height of the orbit divided by the orbital breadth and then multiplied by 100. Piquet categorized shapes based on this index as high, medium, and low or Hypsiconch, Mesoconch, and Chamaeconch, respectively (5–7). These categories have since been associated with race and/or temporal affiliations.…”

Section: Background Literature On Human Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Eye of the Beholder: Sex and Race Estimation using the Human Orbital Aperture*

Husmann

Samson

2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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From the works of Broca and Krogman to modern-day Jantz and Buikstra, the orbit has been used for both quantitative and qualitative sex and race estimation. This study evaluates the practical value of these estimations. Orbital height and breadth were measured to determine the orbital index and assess differences between men and women or black people and white people in the Hamann-Todd Collection. Replicability of these measures was also examined. Finally, a geometric morphometric study was performed to assess shape differences using the entire margin. Significant differences were found in both the index and the geomorphometric study; however, further investigation revealed that the differences were of little practical use. The measurement differences were found to be smaller than intra-observer error, while the geometric morphometric analysis demonstrated that minimal percentage of variation in shape was attributable to group differences. Thus, these techniques should not be used to estimate sex or race.

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“…In 1875, Paul Broca found the orbital index by measuring orbital height and width in order to evaluate the orbital size and shape as a quantity [9]. According to this index, Piquet categorised shape of the orbita as high, medium, low or "hypsiconch, mesoconch, and chamaeconch" consequently [8]. These categories are related to racial features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%