l-Theanine and NEP1-40 promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion

Guo, Wenlai; Qu, Wenrui; Zeng, Li-Ni; Qi, Zhiping; Huang, Chao; Zhu, Zhe; Li, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.124

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although no published studies have contradicted the reports of robust regeneration after pharmacologically targeting myelin inhibitors, two groups have found that removing CSPGs alone enables only minimal penetration of DR axons through the DREZ ( Steinmetz et al, 2005 ; Wu et al, 2016 ). CSPG removal, however, when combined with conditioning lesions, neurotrophic factors, or inflammation, has significantly enhanced intraspinal regeneration of DR axons ( Steinmetz et al, 2005 ; Wu et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2019 ). Why eliminating CSPGs alone or a nerve conditioning lesion elicits only minimal regeneration across the DREZ is unknown, but the default assumption has been that myelin inhibitors alone are sufficiently potent to stop axons at the DREZ ( Smith et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord

Zhai

Kim

Han

et al. 2021

eLife

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A major barrier to intraspinal regeneration after dorsal root (DR) injury is the DR entry zone (DREZ), the CNS/PNS interface. DR axons stop regenerating at the DREZ, even if regenerative capacity is increased by a nerve conditioning lesion. This potent blockade has long been attributed to myelin-associated inhibitors and CSPGs, but incomplete lesions and conflicting reports have prevented conclusive agreement. Here we evaluated DR regeneration in mice, using novel strategies to facilitate complete lesions and analyses, selective tracing of proprioceptive and mechanoreceptive axons, and the first simultaneous targeting of Nogo/Reticulon-4, MAG, OMgp, CSPGs and GDNF. Co-eliminating myelin inhibitors and CSPGs elicited regeneration of only a few conditioning-lesioned DR axons across the DREZ. Their absence, however, markedly and synergistically enhanced regeneration of GDNF-stimulated axons, highlighting the importance of sufficiently elevating intrinsic growth capacity. We also conclude that myelin inhibitors and CSPGs are not the primary mechanism stopping axons at the DREZ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord

Zhai

Kim

Han

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…This was mainly because that oral intake of L-theanine and cystine could promote the synthesis of glutathione, which was a potential substance to prevent neuropathy ( 45 ). Furthermore, in a model of brachial plexus root avulsion created in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, L-theanine combined with NEP1-40 observably accelerated nerve regeneration after brachial plexus root avulsion ( 46 ).…”

Section: Health Benefits Of L-theaninementioning

confidence: 99%

L-Theanine: A Unique Functional Amino Acid in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) With Multiple Health Benefits and Food Applications

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a very popular health drink and has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its various bioactive substances. Among them, L-theanine, a unique free amino acid, is one of the most important substances in tea and endows tea with a special flavor. Moreover, L-theanine is also a bioactive compound with plenty of health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, metabolic regulatory, cardiovascular protective, liver and kidney protective, immune regulatory, and anti-obesity effects. Due to the unique characteristics and beneficial functions, L-theanine has potential applications in the development of functional foods. This review summarized the influencing factors of L-theanine content in teas, the main health benefits and related molecular mechanisms of L-theanine, and its applications in food, understanding of which can provide updated information for the further research of L-theanine.

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“…Treatment with plant-derived compounds may exert neuroprotective effects through enhancing nerve regeneration and functional restoration via suppressing neurological oxidative response, inflammation and apoptosis [66]. Tea-derived L-theanine combined with NEP1-40, a competitive antagonist of Nogo receptor (NgR), significantly promoted neuron regeneration after BPRA, and the possible mechanisms included alleviation of oxidative damage and inflammatory responses at the injury sites and antagonism of myelin inhibition [42]. Berberine treatment can upregulate the L1 expression and axonal remyelination [12], markedly alleviated the avulsion-induced neuroinflammation via down-regulating microglial and astroglial response, while increasing the expression of the antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway [110].…”

Section: Application Of Compounds From Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic strategies for brachial plexus injury

Hong¹,

Chen²,

Wu³

et al. 2021

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Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA), a severe acute peripheral nerve injury in adults, results in total loss of the motor function in the upper limb. Although immediate re-implantation surgery is widely performed to repair this lesion, the motor function cannot be fully restored. The main cause is that the growth velocity of axon is extremely slow in order to re-innervate the target muscles before atrophy develops. Therefore, the survival of spinal motoneurons (MNs) is considered to be a prerequisite for the recovery of motor function. The introduction of survival-proactive agents with anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation properties has emerged as a new approach to the motor function recovery following BPA. In the current review, we summarized the treatments of BPA in both mouse and rat models following re-implantation surgery. Furthermore, the pain treatment options following BPA were discussed.

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l-Theanine and NEP1-40 promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord

Co-targeting myelin inhibitors and CSPGs markedly enhances regeneration of GDNF-stimulated, but not conditioning-lesioned, sensory axons into the spinal cord

L-Theanine: A Unique Functional Amino Acid in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) With Multiple Health Benefits and Food Applications

Therapeutic strategies for brachial plexus injury

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