L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety

Türközü, Duygu; Şanlıer, Nevin

doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1016141

Cited by 153 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It has positive effects on relaxation, cognitive performance, emotional state, and sleep quality and has therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and the common cold [25]. The metabolism, health effects, and safety of L-theanine have been reviewed by Türközü and Şanlier [26]. L-theanine could be synthesized from glutamine and ethylamine by glutaminase [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Understanding of the Bacterial Populations and Metabolites Profile of Fermented Feed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Jin¹,

Zhang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2019

Metabolites

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The comprehensive bacterial populations and metabolites profile in fermented feed is unclear, which may have significant effects on the stability of fermented feed quality and animal gut health. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to explore the bacterial populations and metabolites profile in the fermented feed incubated with probiotics (MF) or without probiotics (SF). The probiotics were a combination of Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH and lactic acid levels were higher in MF than in SF (P < 0.05), while the total volatile fatty acid content was lower (P < 0.05). Interestingly, after fermentation, the most abundant bacterial genus in MF was Enterococcus, rather than the added probiotics Lactobacillus or Bacillus. Weissella and a few potential pathogens (Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Pantoea) were dominant in SF (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified 32 different metabolites in the two types of fermented feed. These metabolites enriched in MF, such as maleic acid, phenylacetic acid, ethyl linoleate, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and L-theanine had potential antimicrobial activities. Conclusively, the addition of probiotics enriched a few potentially beneficial microbes and small molecular compounds with antimicrobial activities, and inhibited the potential pathogens in fermented feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Understanding of the Bacterial Populations and Metabolites Profile of Fermented Feed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Jin¹,

Zhang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2019

Metabolites

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“…It has the positive health effects of improving learning and memory abilities, sedation, relaxation, anticancer properties, etc. [ 83 , 84 ]. Theanine can cross the blood brain barrier via the leucine-preferring transport system [ 85 ].…”

Section: Neuroprotective Effect and Mechanism Of Theaninementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Bioactive Components in Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2018

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As the population ages, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impose a heavy burden on society and families. The pathogeneses of PD and AD are complex. There are no radical cures for the diseases, and existing therapeutic agents for PD and AD have diverse side effects. Tea contains many bioactive components such as polyphenols, theanine, caffeine, and theaflavins. Some investigations of epidemiology have demonstrated that drinking tea can decrease the risk of PD and AD. Tea polyphenols can lower the morbidity of PD and AD by reducing oxidative stress and regulating signaling pathways and metal chelation. Theanine can inhibit the glutamate receptors and regulate the extracellular concentration of glutamine, presenting neuroprotective effects. Additionally, the neuroprotective mechanisms of caffeine and theaflavins may contribute to the ability to antagonize the adenosine receptor A2AR and the antioxidant properties, respectively. Thus, tea bioactive components might be useful for neuronal degeneration treatment in the future. In the present paper, the neuro protection and the mechanisms of tea and its bioactive components are reviewed. Moreover, the potential challenges and future work are also discussed.

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“…An herbal calming drug is Suntheanine ® . Its active constituent is L-Theanine, a compound found in green tea [23]. The drug is known for its calming properties without producing sedation.…”

Section: Suntheanine ®mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Herbal Drug Effects by Discriminant Analysis of Quantitative Human EEG Data

Dimpfel¹

2019

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Clinical indications for herbal drugs very often only rely on traditional knowledge. Single plant-derived preparations are used for many purposes and cannot be classified to belong to a single category like calming or stimulating drugs. With respect to the brain a unique possibility exists to analyze drug effects by recording the EEG. It is common knowledge that many drugs change the frequency content of electric brain activity. Quantitative analysis of the EEG by Fast Fourier Transformation reveals parameters like spectral power, which can be processed further (CATEEM ®). Source density was determined from 17 channels of the quantitative EEG from 10 clinical studies recorded in a relaxed state with open eyes. Linear discriminant analysis was used to differentiate the effects of Placebo (circadian rhythm

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L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, and safety

Cited by 153 publications

References 53 publications

Comprehensive Understanding of the Bacterial Populations and Metabolites Profile of Fermented Feed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Comprehensive Understanding of the Bacterial Populations and Metabolites Profile of Fermented Feed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Bioactive Components in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Classification of Herbal Drug Effects by Discriminant Analysis of Quantitative Human EEG Data

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