L2TP Disconnect Cause Information

Verma, Ram Singar; Verma, Mr.Abhishek; Carlson, Jolene

doi:10.17487/rfc3145

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The DCFC technology can be considered a potential competitor of the so-called integrated gasification fuel cell cycles (IGFC), either based on SOFCs or MCFCs [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], where coal is gasified and the cleaned syngas feeds a hybrid fuel cell-gas turbine combined cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrated gasification fuel cell cycles would rely on a partially proven design, at least for the gasification island (derived from Integrated gasification combined cycles or IGCCs, wbich are considered the reference technology for high efficiency and low emission power generation from coal) and the gas turbine combined cycle section, while making use of high temperature fuel cells which are still under development for the m\ilti-MW range; they would provide lower heating value (LHV) efficiencies of 46-52% with over 90% CO2 capture capability, as predicted by different simulation works [14][15][16][17][18]. By comparison, the DCFC technology relies on a completely new concept, demonstrated at the moment only at laboratory scale (few hundred watts to kW range), which promises even higher efficiencies in coal-to-electricity conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Based Coal Fired Power Cycles With CO2 Capture

Campanari¹,

Gazzani²,

Romano

2012

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work presents an analysis of the application of direct carbon fuel cells (DCFC) to large scale, coal fueled power cycles. DCFCs are a type of high temperature fuel cell featuring the possibility of being fed directly with coal or other heavy fuels, with high tolerance to impurities and contaminants (e.g., sulfur) contained in the fuel. Different DCFC technologies of this type are developed in laboratories, research centers or new startup companies, although at kW-scale, showing promising results for their possible future application to stationary power generation. This work investigates the potential application of two DCFC categories, both using a "molten anode medium" which can be (i) a mixture of molten carbonates or (ii) a molten metal (liquid tin) flowing at the anode of a fuel cell belonging to the solid oxide electrolyte family. Both technologies can be considered particularly interesting for the possible future application to large scale, coal fueled power cycles with CO2 capture, since they both have the advantage of oxidizing coal without mixing the oxidized products with nitrogen; thus releasing a high CO2 concentration exhaust gas. After a description of the operating principles of the two DCFCs, it is presented a lumped-volume thermodynamic model which reproduces the DCFC behavior in terms of energy and material balances, calibrated over available literature data. We consider then two plant layouts, using a hundred-MW scale coal feeding, where the DCFC generates electricity and heat recovered by a bottoming steam cycle, while the exhaust gases are sent to a CO2 compression train, after purification in appropriate cleaning processes. Detailed results are presented in terms of energy and material balances of the proposed cycles, showing how the complete system may surpass 65% lower heating value electrical efficiency with nearly complete (95%-\-) CO2 capture, making the system very attractive, although evidencing a number of technologically critical issues.(1) DCFC types belonging to the second category are developed for instance by Contained Energy LLC. with a MCFC-based technology using molten carbonates at the electrolyte and as a molten anode medium.

show abstract