La antropología forense al servicio de la justicia y la historia: las fosas de la Guerra Civil

Malgosa, Assumpció; Armentano, Núria; Galtés, Ignasi; Jordana, Xavier; Subirana, Mireia; Gassiot, Ermengol; Luna, Manuel Sánchez; Lalueza, C.; Solé, Queralt

doi:10.4321/s1135-76062010000100008

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Teeth samples were collected from 13 adult male individuals exhumed from a mass grave in Gurb (Barcelona, Spain) in 2008 following the standard procedures in anthropology and forensics. All samples were collected by the same individual using gloves and a surgical mask, and stored in sterile containers at low temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were collected by the same individual using gloves and a surgical mask, and stored in sterile containers at low temperature. The samples followed a strict chain of custody throughout all the process . Precautions and authentication criteria recommended in ancient DNA studies were followed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until today, only about 15% of the approximately 2000 mass graves have been exhumed . Previous studies using CE on mass graves from the Spanish Civil War are discordant regarding the success rate of STR profiling, with acceptable results in some of them but very low quality in others where identification was only possible or assisted because of mitochondrial DNA analyses . However, while the use of mitochondrial DNA sequences can be of great utility for identifications in cases where a particular identity is clearly suspected, or to support morphological evidence, its significance is conditioned by the haplotype frequency in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we have experimentally assessed the performance of the kit in a set of low DNA input samples from a mass grave exhumed in 2008 and previously analyzed that led to the identification of one individual by combining mitochondrial DNA and morphological data, and two probable identifications because of the morphological analyses were STR information allowed to exclude some individuals. However, CE STR markers showed a poor yield, likely due to high levels of degradation of DNA .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

et al. 2016

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have opened new opportunities in forensic genetics. Here, we assess the applicability and performance of the MiSeq FGx™ & ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep Kit (Illumina) for the identification of individuals from the mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The main limitations for individual identification are the low number of possible first-degree living relatives and the high levels of DNA degradation reported in previous studies. Massively parallel sequencing technologies enabling the analysis of hundreds of regions and prioritizing short length amplicons constitute a promising tool for this kind of approaches. In this study, we first explore the power of this new technology to detect first- and second-degree kinship given different scenarios of DNA degradation. Second, we specifically assess its performance in a set of low DNA input samples previously analyzed with CE technologies. We conclude that this methodology will allow identification of up to second-degree relatives, even in situations with low sequencing performance and important levels of allele drop-out; it is thus a technology that resolves previous drawbacks and that will allow a successful approximation to the identification of remains.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

et al. 2016

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“…La exhumación en el año 2000 de los restos de 13 represaliados en una fosa común de la localidad leonesa de Priaranza del Bierzo (SILVA, 2006), inauguró esta última etapa de exhumaciones relativas al periodo de la guerra civil española (FERRÁNDIZ, 2014), y la participación durante la excavación y proceso de identificación de arqueólogos, antropólogos físicos, médicos forenses y genetistas, sentó las bases metodológicas para las posteriores investigaciones antropológico forenses de este periodo reciente de la historia española (PRADA et al 2003). Esta metodología de trabajo en la investigación de graves violaciones de derechos humanos se materializó durante una década en la intervención de diversos equipos multidisciplinares en diferentes comunidades autónomas (ETXEBERRÍA et al 2012;GARCÍA-RUBIO e IGLESIAS, 2014;GUIJO et al 2013;HERRASTI et al 2012;MALGOSA et al 2010;MEZQUIDA, 2017;MU-ÑOZ ENCINAR et al 2013;POLO et al 2010;, formalizándose a efectos administrativos en diversos protocolos de actuación a nivel autonómico y nacional nutridos de esta experiencia (una revisión en ETXEBERRIA, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Búsqueda, exhumación e identificación de represaliados de la Guerra Civil enterrados en el cementerio viejo de Palencia: el proyecto de la Carcavilla

Garcia-Rubio¹,

Ríos²

2017

Munibe, Antropol. Arkeol.

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RESUMENEntre el año 2008 y 2013 se desarrolló el proyecto de exhumación e identificación de víctimas de la represión franquista en el Cementerio Viejo de Palencia, hoy parque de La Carcavilla. Se trataba de un caso complejo debido al tiempo transcurrido desde que ocurrieron los hechos, al elevado número de víctimas buscadas y a la falta de referencias espaciales tras la conversión del Cementerio Viejo en parque de recreo. El resultado fue la exhumación de 108 represaliados de los cuales 57 fueron identificados. La identificación de los restos, objetivo de la intervención, fue posible debido a un enfoque multidisciplinar basado en el cruce de información procedente de fuentes documentales, arqueológicas, osteológicas y genéticas. La reconstrucción de los eventos alrededor de la muerte durante la búsqueda y recuperación de los restos óseos, basada en la interpretación arqueológica y los datos de archivo, el análisis in situ de los mismos en el contexto en el que se encontraron y su posterior estudio en laboratorio, y finalmente el estudio genético, constituye un ejemplo práctico del crecimiento e intersección de la antropología forense con otras disciplinas. LABURPENA2008 eta 2013 artean, Palentziako Hilerri Zaharrean (gaur egun, La Carcavilla parkea) errepresio frankistako biktimak hobitik ateratzeko eta identifikatzeko proiektua garatu zen. Kasu konplexua zen hainbat faktore dela eta: gertaera haietatik igaro den denbora, bilatutako biktimen kopuru handia eta Hilerri Zaharra aisialdirako parke bihurtu ondoren ez zegoelako espazio mailako erreferentziarik. Azkenean, 108 errepresaliatu hobitik ateratzea lortu zuten, eta haietatik 57 identifikatu. Esku-hartze haren helburua hondakin haiek identifikatzea zen eta era askotako iturrietatik iritsitako informazioa partekatzean oinarritutako diziplina anitzeko ikuspegiari esker egin zen: iturri dokumentalak, arkeologikoak, osteologikoak eta genetikoak. Hezur-hondakinak bilatzeko eta berreskuratzeko garaian heriotzaren inguruko gertakizunak berreraikitzea auzitegi-antropologia beste diziplina batuekin elkartzearen eta hazkundea lortzearen adibide praktikoa da. Hori guztia interpretazio arkeologikoan eta artxibategiko datuetan, horiek topatu ziren testuinguruan in situ aztertzean eta ondoren laborategian aztertzean eta, amaitzeko, azterketa genetikoan oinarritzen da. ABSTRACTSince 2000, exhumations of mass graves from the civil war period, have been carried out in Spain with archaeological methodology, as well as identification of exhumed remains, which can be included within the framework of anthropological-forensic investigations of systematic human rights violations.In the province of Palencia, between July 1936 and 1945, a total of 1,322 people were victims of Francoist repression. 24% of the victims were buried in mass graves in a specific area of the Old Cemetery in the city of Palencia. According to information from the Cemetery Registry Book, the victims formed 57 synchronic groups of burial.As a request of the relatives, between 2008 and 2013, the project of exhum...

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Human Rights Investigations in Spain

Ferllini¹

2014

Annals of Anthropol Pract

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The crimes perpetrated against Spanish civilians during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), and under Franco's regime (1939–75), are considered within some quarters as constituting a Spanish holocaust (Preston 2012), leaving in its wake innumerable clandestine burials within the mainland and island territories. However, there existed afterward a situation in which no retribution was made available for those who survived the turmoil, and likewise for the families of the victims, leaving a section of the Spanish population without access to means of a process of transitional justice. Investigations into the extrajudicial killings, and the recovery and identification of remains via the application of forensic anthropology did not come about until 2000, when a scientific approach to finding the disappeared was applied. Within the last decade and up to 2012, forensic anthropology has aided in the recovery of thousands of skeletal remains, albeit under difficult and far from ideal circumstances; the exhumation of a common grave located in Izagre, León province, and the subsequent attempt to identify the recovered victims will be presented as an example of the difficulties encountered. The exhumation and biological profiling of the victims has created a positive outcome within many families and some areas of society; nevertheless, at present, the dire economic situation of the country has caused the cessation of field or laboratory work.

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La antropología forense al servicio de la justicia y la historia: las fosas de la Guerra Civil

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

Búsqueda, exhumación e identificación de represaliados de la Guerra Civil enterrados en el cementerio viejo de Palencia: el proyecto de la Carcavilla

Human Rights Investigations in Spain

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