La asociación de la microbiota humana con la inmunoglobulina A y su participación en la respuesta inmunológica

Abstract

Human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that reside in our body. Its phylogenetic composition is related to the risk for suffering from inflammatory diseases and allergic conditions. Humans interact with a large number and variety of these microorganisms via the skin and mucous membranes. An immune protection mechanism is the production of secretory IgA (SIgA), which recognizes resident pathogenic microorganisms and prevents their interaction with host epithelial cells by means of immune exclusion. Formerly, it was thought that SIgA only function in mucous membranes was to recognize and exclude pathogens, but thanks to the use of massive sequencing techniques for human microbiota phylogenetic characterization, now we know that it can be associated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms, an association that is important for functions the microbiota carries out in epithelia, such as regulating the capability of certain microbial species to settle on the skin and mucous membranes, and stimulation and regulation of the immune response and of the risk for the development of inflammatory problems, allergic conditions, autoimmune diseases, and even cancer. Established microbiota determines the type of bacterial species (and probably viral and protozoan species) that reside on the skin and mucous membranes, promoting microbial diversity.

Sprouts as probiotic carriers: A new trend to improve consumer nutrition

“…The microorganisms of the microbiota act by stimulating mucin production; inhibiting pathogens, causing a decrease in intestinal permeability, activating macrophages and increasing phagocytic capacity ( Sánchez Salguero & Santos Argumedo, 2018 ). In addition to causing an increase in the production of Immunoglobulins A, M and G, and other regulatory elements ( Jirillo et al, 2018 ).…”

“…In food allergies and intolerances, beneficial effects of probiotics on the patient have also been documented, such is the case of people with allergies where IgA is increased by the consumption of probiotics, improving allergy symptoms ( Sánchez Salguero & Santos Argumedo, 2018 ), while in patients with intolerances dysbiosis occurs, probiotics help regulate the number of microorganisms in the microbiota ( Sharma & Bhagatwala, 2019 ). As for IBD, the use of multi-strain has shown, a remission of UC, however, a probiotic intake in CD has not been shown to have satisfactory results in disease remission ( Floch et al, 2015 , Guslandi, 2015 ).…”