La biodiversité dans l’aménagement du territoire en Guyane française

Galochet, Marc; Morel, Valérie

doi:10.4000/vertigo.16069

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Oversea territories display often-important geo-ecological potentials for sustainable development and conservation strategies, while facing significant land planning and environmental management challenges. Among them, the French Oversea territory of French Guiana is a sparsely populated territory (Le Tourneau 2020) and a highbiodiversity wilderness area (Galochet and Morel 2015) with one of the highest demographic growth rates in France (Millet 2018). Geological resources of French Guiana have been playing a pivotal role in the current and historical territorial dynamics of the region since centuries, mainly because of the presence of gold deposits (Scammacca et al 2021;Jébrak et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodiversity Assessment of French Guiana: Challenges and Implications for Sustainable Land Planning

Scammacca

Bétard

Aertgeerts³

et al. 2022

Geoheritage

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As operational concept, geodiversity implies a measurement and its application narrowed to a given spatial area, allowing the identification of clusters for prioritization and planning purposes. This study proposes a first geodiversity index assessment for French Guiana, a French Oversea territory located within the Guiana Shield (South America). Almost entirely covered by the Amazon rainforest associated with an exceptional biodiversity, French Guiana appears as an international conservation and land-planning challenge facing multiple issues (e.g. urban, agricultural and industrial growth, forest management, mining planning).Geodiversity assessment is performed through a grid-based approach. A geodiversity index is calculated as the sum of four sub-indices (lithodiversity and unlithified diversity, mineral diversity, hydrodiversity, geomorphodiversity). The index calculation is based on the number of entities within each grid-cell. Spatial correlation is used to identify geodiversity clusters and finally the index is aggregated at different spatial units relevant for land-planning (e.g. municipalities, hydrographic sectors, areas of ecological interest, the Guiana Amazonian Park and the Departmental Mining Plan).The results show that the geodiversity index is mainly controlled by lithodiversity and that high geodiversity clusters are located along the gold-bearing greenstone belts crossing the territory. However, spatialized data concerning geodiversity are still inadequate or unavailable to perform proper operational assessments in French Guiana. Furthermore, based on qualitative examples, we discuss that the assessment of diversity alone might not be always enough for geoconservation nor land-planning perspectives. It is pivotal to account for the geonfunctionalityi.e. the contribution of geodiversity to the functioning of socio-ecological systemsand its interaction with anthropic activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodiversity Assessment of French Guiana: Challenges and Implications for Sustainable Land Planning

Scammacca

Bétard

Aertgeerts³

et al. 2022

Geoheritage

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“…It recognizes the historical, cultural and economic value of the syringa and the chestnut tree, symbols of the Bolivian Amazon, whose felling will be penalized, except in cases of public interest regulated by law. 15 Finally, it is worth mentioning the recent inclusion of environmental protection in French bloc de constitutionalité (Baranger, 2018), which is directly enforceable in its overseas territories, as it is the peculiar case of French Guiana (Galochet, Morel, 2015). In 2015, the Charte de l'Environment was promulgated recognizing the fundamental right to a balanced environment (art.…”

Section: The Protection Of the Environment In The Amazonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each State faces particular difficulties, but there is an element that unites them, related to the economic model based on (neo) extractivism and the export of commodities (Gonzales, Garcia de M., 2011; Mendibile, 2022;Lakhan, Trenhaile, Lavalle, 2000; Cuestiones Constitucionales, Núm. 49, Julio-Diciembre 2023 ISSN: 2448-4881 Elias-Roberts, 2020;Castro, Ferrufino, 2014;Burchardt, Domínguez, Larrea, Peters, 2016;Ribadeneira, 2016;Maldonado, 2020;Valencia, 2013;Valencia, 2015;Nannetti, 2015;Acosta, Martínez, 2019;Moura, 2016;Villegas Moreno, 2012;Yarde, 2020;Adams, Moreto, Futemma, 2020;Silva Santos, 2022;Aubertin, Pons, 2017;Jacob, Palisse, Aubertin, 2020;Galochet, Morel, 2015). 18 In this context, the Amazon States -with the exception of French Guyana -signed the Amazon Cooperation Treaty in 1978, with the aim of establishing a sustainable and integrated development of the Amazon basin.…”

Section: Constitutional Dialogues For Internationalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Protection in the Amazon: Constitutional Dialogues for International Cooperation

Petters Melo,

Burckhart

2023

Cuest. Const., Rev. Mex. Derecho Const.

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Taking into consideration the increasing relevance that environmental constitutionalism has currently assumed, the aim of this article is to critically analyze the constitutional protection of the environment in the Amazonian countries. It seeks to identify whether there is a common language among the constitutions concerning environmental protection in order to improve international cooperation. The hypothesis states that: 1) the Amazon environmental constitutionalism follow the epistemological opening of contemporary constitutionalism, by assimilating innovations in each new constitution; and, 2) the constitutions establish normative elements for the improvement of international cooperation in the region. The reflection is grounded on the field of comparative constitutional law, in dialogue with international constitutional law and constitutional theory, in a functional-structural perspective, focusing the “legislative” formant.

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“…The inland forest has always been sheltered from degrading human activities so far, whereas forest habitat in the coastal area has been tremendously modified by the human settlement, especially following arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth century (DIREN Guyane 2007;Calmont 2012). Indeed, 92% of the human population is currently concentrated on the coastal area representing <5% of the country's area (Galochet and Morel 2015). In addition, human population size has increased dramatically in the last years: there were 157,000 inhabitants in 1999, 245,000 inhabitants in 2013, and 513,000 inhabitants are expected in 2050 (INSEE 2019).…”

Section: Study Area and Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat fragmentation differentially shapes neutral and immune gene variation in a tropical bird species

et al. 2020

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Habitat fragmentation is a major cause of biodiversity loss, responsible for an alteration of intraspecific patterns of neutral genetic diversity and structure. Although neutral genetic variation can be informative for demographic inferences, it may be a poor predictor of adaptive genetic diversity and thus of the consequences of habitat fragmentation on selective evolutionary processes. In this context, we contrasted patterns of genetic diversity and structure of neutral loci (microsatellites) and immune genes (i.e., toll-like receptors) in an understorey bird species, the wedge-billed woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus. The objectives were (1) to investigate forest fragmentation effects on population genetic diversity, (2) to disentangle the relative role of demography (genetic drift and migration) and selection, and (3) to assess whether immunogenetic patterns could be associated with variation of ectoparasite (i.e., ticks) pressures. Our results revealed an erosion of neutral genetic diversity and a substantial genetic differentiation among fragmented populations, resulting from a decrease in landscape connectivity and leading to the divergence of distinct genetic pools at a small spatial scale. Patterns of genetic diversity observed for TLR4 and TLR5 were concordant with neutral genetic patterns, whereas those observed for TLR3 and TLR21 were discordant. This result underlines that the dominant evolutionary force shaping immunogenetic diversity (genetic drift vs. selection) may be different depending on loci considered. Finally, tick prevalence was higher in fragmented environments. We discussed the hypothesis that pathogen selective pressures may contribute to maintain adaptive genetic diversity despite the negative demographic effect of habitat fragmentation on neutral genetic diversity.

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La biodiversité dans l’aménagement du territoire en Guyane française

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Geodiversity Assessment of French Guiana: Challenges and Implications for Sustainable Land Planning

Geodiversity Assessment of French Guiana: Challenges and Implications for Sustainable Land Planning

Environmental Protection in the Amazon: Constitutional Dialogues for International Cooperation

Habitat fragmentation differentially shapes neutral and immune gene variation in a tropical bird species

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