La citoyenneté de l'Union européenne et l'enjeu de Bruxelles

Bousetta, Hassan; Swyngedouw, Marc

doi:10.3917/cris.1636.0001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Minorities in Europe could be more accustomed to peaceful multicultural ways of living and therefore more supportive of reconciliation. Belgium itself is a multicultural country composed of French, Flemish and German communities (Bousetta & Swyngedouw, 1999). The difference the national context creates could also be due to the relative lack of salience of the intergroup conflict and the boundaries between Kurds and Turks in Belgium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can identification as Muslim increase support for reconciliation? The case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

Baysu

Coskan

Duman

2018

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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Ethnic and national identities, as ingroup and superordinate identities, are key predictors for reconciliation, yet less research considers religious identity a superordinate identity. Focusing on the reconciliation of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey, this study aims to test a mediation model in which the relations between ethnic (i.e., Kurdish) and religious identifications (i.e., Muslim) and reconciliation outcomes were mediated by positive intergroup emotions. Moreover, to understand the diffusion of the conflict in a transnational context, this model is tested both in Turkey and Belgium among Muslim Kurdish minorities (N = 141). Kurdish minorities' levels of support for reconciliation and the ways they construe reconciliation were analyzed as two outcomes. For the latter, descriptions of reconciliation were first content-coded into seven themes. A latent class analysis of these themes led to two main construals: those endorsing a rights-based versus dialogue-based understanding of reconciliation; which was then used as a binary outcome. Results supported a similar mediation model in Turkey and Belgium. Accordingly, stronger religious identification as Muslim was associated with positive intergroup emotions and in turn more support for reconciliation, whereas stronger ethnic identification as Kurdish had the opposite effect. However, having Muslim identity as a superordinate identity was double-edged for the Kurdish minorities: while high Muslim identifiers were more supportive of reconciliation in general; they were also less likely to endorse a rights-based understanding of reconciliation (versus a dialogue-based reconciliation).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can identification as Muslim increase support for reconciliation? The case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

Baysu

Coskan

Duman

2018

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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“…Belgium is a multicultural country composed of French, Flemish and German communities. 60 From a social and political psychology perspective, the difference the national context creates could also be due to lower salience of the intergroup conflict (e.g., lack of an armed conflict) and lower salience of the physical and psychological intergroup boundaries between Kurds and Turks in Belgium. For instance, in Belgium both Turks and Kurds are a minority group and they stay in their segregated communities and politically organize around their ethnic allegiances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciliation and intergroup forgiveness: the case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

Baysu

Coskan

2018

Turkish Studies

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Looking at the Kurdish conflict, we examined how Kurds and Turks in Turkey and in diaspora (Belgium) construe reconciliation and how they approach reconciliation and intergroup forgiveness. Kurds' construals of reconciliation tapped into seven themes, grouped as dialogue-based construal of reconciliation (themes: dialogue, recognition, emotions and peace) vs. rights-based construal (themes: identity rights, freedom and confederative rights). Turks' construals of reconciliation covered eight themes, grouped as unity-based construal of reconciliation (themes: unity, rights, dialogue, recognition, and emotions), disarming PKKbased construal of reconciliation (themes: disarming PKK and peace) and rejecting reconciliation (theme: rejection of reconciliation). Kurds endorsing the emotion and dialogue themes and Turks endorsing a unity-based construal of reconciliation were more forgiving of the other group. Implications of these different meanings and relationships of reconciliation are discussed.

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“…The inclusion of ethnic minorities in the public space of the host country is bound to be incomplete in the absence of formal political rights. In the case of Belgium, however, political incorporation has been impeded by the institutional complexities and deep divisions of a multinational state, where the extension of voting rights to non-nationals may affect a volatile political equilibrium between national factions (Bousetta and Swyngedouw, 1999).…”

Section: The Case Of Brusselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National identities and representations of citizenship

Phalet

Swyngedouw²

2002

Ethnicities

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Postwar migration to European cities has led to the progressive decoupling of civil, social and political rights from national membership. With its linguistic divide and its intricate institutional architecture, the city of Brussels is a strategic research context for a critical test of the limits of prevailing national integration models and the emergence of post-or transnational forms of citizenship. The Brussels Minorities Survey was set up to compare identifications and representations of citizenship in random samples of Turkish and Moroccan minorities, and in a matched comparison sample of working-class Belgians. First, a comparison of Turkish, Moroccan and Belgian self-categorizations reveals the multiplication of ethnopolitical identities, along with the continuing importance of formal national membership for identity construction. Second, in the absence of formal political rights for non-EU citizens, Turkish and Moroccan experiences of citizenship are closely linked to their informal participation in ethnic and cross-ethnic organizations. Typically, ethnic and cross-ethnic forms of participation go hand in hand, with a common emphasis on cross-ethnic and conventional types of organization. Finally, Turkish and Moroccan representations of (dual) citizenship are multidimensional, allowing for multiple and selective combinations of participative, normative and identity dimensions across national contexts. While Turks and Moroccans share with Belgians a social contract type of citizenship in Belgium, they also adhere to a communal type of long distance citizenship in Turkey and Morocco which centres on a close linkage of national and religious attachments. We conclude that multiplicity is a key feature of minority perspectives on citizenship, so that

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La citoyenneté de l'Union européenne et l'enjeu de Bruxelles

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Can identification as Muslim increase support for reconciliation? The case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

Can identification as Muslim increase support for reconciliation? The case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

Reconciliation and intergroup forgiveness: the case of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey

National identities and representations of citizenship

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