La construction en terre crue au Néolithique

Sénépart, Ingrid; Wattez, Julia; Jallot, Luc; Hamon, Tony; Onfray, Marylise

doi:10.4000/archeopages.1106

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Clay and mud, sometimes associated with stone construction, were very commonly used in architecture during the late Neolithic both in coastal Languedoc and in the Causses area. Remains of mud-brick constructions and temper material of botanical origin have occasionally been recognized (Jallot, 2003; Sénépart et al, 2015; Wattez, 2009). Could differences in the use of chaff to temper clay explain differences in the record of glume bases between the Hérault valley and the Causses?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)

Bouby

Marinval²,

Rovira³

2020

The Holocene

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Seed and fruit remains from archaeological sites provide the most direct source of evidence on ancient crops and plant food resources. Earlier studies on late Neolithic sites (3500–2200 BC) in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley areas focused on cave and rock-shelter sites. Here, we discuss new and previously published archaeobotanical evidence from open-air settlements, which should be considered as more representative of the standard subsistence and farming economy. Patterns in the data have been analyzed through sample densities, diversity index, taxa ubiquities, and abundance by means of correspondence factor analysis. Contrary to what is assumed in other Western European regions for that period, the available dataset indicates that cereals were consumed and therefore probably cultivated on a regular basis in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley. The range of crops and collected wild fruits was the same in both areas but certain differences existed. As in other regions, einkorn played a significant role during the late Neolithic, but it was more common in the Hérault valley than in the Grands Causses plateaux. On the other hand, the collection of wild fruits seemed to be of more importance in the hinterland than in the littoral area. The more striking difference concerns crop processing activities and the use of glume wheat by-products. They are much more common in the Grands Causses samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)

Bouby

Marinval²,

Rovira³

2020

The Holocene

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“…L'usage de la terre crue est omniprésent sur les sites fontbuxiens de plein air et situés en zones de plaine, que ce soit pour l'aménagement des murs, des sols ou des finitions (Jallot, 2003b ;Wattez, 2009 ;Jallot, 2011 ;Gutherz et al, 2011 ;Sénépart et al, 2016 ;. Cependant, les preuves d'élévations en terre crue dans un dispositif de délimitation n'ont pas été reconnues.…”

Section: Architectures En Terre En Contexte Fontbouïsseunclassified

Étude d’un fossé et d’architectures en terre fondés au milieu du 3e millénaire av. J.-C. sur le plateau des Costières (Garons, Gard, France)

Sendra¹,

Onfray²,

Pascale³

et al. 2019

bspf

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Localisées non loin du site de Puech Ferrier et de l'enclos inédit de Mitra II fouillé en 2011, les enceintes de Mitra III situé à Garons (Gard) ont fait l'objet d'une première campagne de fouille préventive en 2012. L'exploration sur une superficie de 5 000 m² a révélé la partie méridionale et une porte d'un établissement délimité par au moins deux systèmes de fossés d'enclos qui se succèdent au cours d'une période qui connait le développement du Fontbouïsse, l'impact Campaniforme et l'émergence du plein Bronze ancien (BA2), soit entre le 27 e et 24 e s. av. J.-C. L'article traite spécifiquement de l'étude d'un imposant fossé plus large, plus profond et de plan plus anguleux que ceux du premier système d'enceinte dont il vient condamner l'accès. Il a été observé sur près de 90 mètres linéaires et délimite le sud de l'établissement. Il présente un puissant niveau de comblement constitué d'éléments d'architectures en terre crue en connexion partielle, surmontant une couche limono-cendreuse dont le spectre anthracologique est très largement dominé par le chêne. Sur la base des résultats de l'analyse stratigraphique, micromorphologique et une caractérisation micro et macroscopique des éléments de terre crue, il est possible de caractériser la dynamique de comblement et la nature de l'architecture en lien avec ce système de délimitation.

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Domestic and Productive Earthen Architecture Conserved In Situ in Archaeological Sites of the Iberian Peninsula

Manzano-Fernández,

Mileto,

Vegas López-Manzanares

et al. 2024

Heritage

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For past societies on the Iberian Peninsula, one of the most prolific architectures was earthen construction, with a wealth of typologies and solutions derived from the legacy of local construction and materials. However, its study within the field of archaeology has been limited. The challenges posed by conservation, archaeological identification and social recognition have traditionally limited the dissemination of this type of architecture. Its low profile is perceived as fragile once the original protections collapse. The ethnological information preserved and linked to past ways of life and societies is crucial to the interpretation of the cultural development handed down over generations by different communities and now transmitted to the general public through archaeological sites. This research aims to provide an overview of the main earthen vestiges from domestic, productive and funerary architecture dating from the prehistoric, protohistoric, Roman and medieval periods. For this, a bibliographical review and data collection through fieldwork were conducted for numerous case studies. These included the classification of materials, compositions and construction techniques, creating an integrated comprehensive database with information on geography, measurements and the general state of conservation.

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La construction en terre crue au Néolithique

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)

Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)

Étude d’un fossé et d’architectures en terre fondés au milieu du 3e millénaire av. J.-C. sur le plateau des Costières (Garons, Gard, France)

Domestic and Productive Earthen Architecture Conserved In Situ in Archaeological Sites of the Iberian Peninsula

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