La demarcación de los espacios de tránsito en Los Millares (Santa Fe de Mondújar, Almería) y su relación con el simbolismo megalítico

Abstract

Recientes investigaciones en el yacimiento calcolítico de Los Millares, Santa Fe de Mondújar, Almería, han permitido reconocer diferentes representaciones figurativas asociadas a la muralla más exterior o Muralla I, construida en torno a 2900 cal AC. La erección de esta muralla supuso una importante ampliación del poblado al ocupar zonas anteriormente destinadas a necrópolis. Se propone que algunos elementos pertenecientes al área de necrópolis fueron respetados y reutilizados para justificar, a través de los ancestros, la capacidad de acceder al asentamiento a través de la puerta principal –con la estatua-menhir situada junto a esta–, la exclusión de aquellos no vinculados –con todas las representaciones en ambos extremos de la muralla–, la integración de nuevas poblaciones –con la Tumba 63 incluida en el trazado de la muralla–, el rol de determinados personajes –con la estatua-menhir y la estela de la Tumba 63– y, en definitiva, los derechos a ocupar y explotar un territorio. Se señala además la relación de estos procesos con los identificados tradicionalmente en las tumbas de la necrópolis.

Statistical Proposals for a Formal Classification of Chalcolithic Stone Masonry Passage Graves with Circular Chamber in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula

“…While sparse orthostatic dolmens were mainly used to mark routes and land property, orthostatic graves in necropolis consisting mainly of stone masonry graves could be older but also could be related to integration processes affecting new populations and identity mechanisms to perpetuate differences (Cámara et al 2021) even inside the elite (Afonso et al 2011). In this sense, it's not strange that flat roof stone masonry graves but also fully corbelled ones and orthostatic passage graves were used as burial places of privileged social groups, while intermediate types of stone masonry tombs situated in lower and peripheral places (Cámara et al 2014) were aimed to other social groups.…”

A model of spatial location: New data for the Gor River megalithic landscape (Spain) from LiDAR technology and field survey

“…The display of symbols to define boundaries and identity is also found in neighbouring areas. In the case of Los Millares, not only has the use of megaliths to complement the control exercised by hill‐forts been tested (Cámara, Spanedda, et al, 2021), but it has also been possible to record the use of representations of the ancestors on defensive walls of the village and nearby in hill‐forts, possibly to define who had the right to access those places and, by extension, their resources (Cámara, Dorado, et al, 2021). Second, the exponential multiplication of tombs, and other resources mobilized in funerals as grave goods, could also generate, precisely in moments of crisis in which these items were most necessary for social justification, costs that were difficult to assume, contributing, in the long run, to the end of a social system and its ritual mechanisms, at the end of the 3rd millennium cal BC.…”

Digitizing Los Millares (Santa Fe de Mondujar, Almería, Spain) through 3-D and geospatial technologies: preserving and disseminating the archaeological heritage

“…This 7 Other procedures have been used previously at Los Millares for the same aim-for example, the DVD (Molina González, 2004). Our team (Cámara Serrano et al 2021) has also recently photogrammetrised other features for research and outreach purposes. Moreover, Martín Haro Navarro, archaeologist and Project Manager at Los Millares, is currently developing procedures to preserve and render funerary remains at the site method has also been shown suitable for facilitating effective dissemination and communication (Frank et al 2021;Maldonado and Dorado, 2020).…”