La Economía del Hidrógeno en el Ecuador: oportunidades y barreras

Abstract

The hydrogen economy, H2, is an emerging energy paradigm proposed to H2 as the vector that drives the development of human society in this century, and as embodied in the energy system Solar Hydrogen SESH where primary sources are renewable, and it is the secondary source H2. A large number of countries are undertaking plans to incorporate the SESH in their energy structure. In this context, this paper argues whose purpose is to identify and analyze the factors involved in the development of SESH in Ecuador, through research supported methodologically on a literature review and a survey of a group of experts involved, from different fields, renewable energy and the H2 as a vector. It is obtained that the country has sufficient potential exploitable renewable energy to ensure the operability of SESH, with hydropower and biomass are the most appropriate sources. Furthermore, the vision of development of the Ecuadorian state, driving the transformation of the energy matrix by the massive incorporation of renewable energy, would favor the gradual penetration SESH, especially in two niche opportunities, rural electrification and urban transport. Barriers are also reported: scarce and scattered research activity; minimum formation of human talent necessary for the operation and innovation in the technologies of H2; absence of a legal and regulatory framework that encourages penetration SESH and the incipient formation of collaborative networks in research and advocacy, in the balance predominate advantages over the barriers. It is concluded that only by agreed action academia, research centers and private companies, under the tutelage of the state will allow this new energy system contributes to sustainable development and conductive Ecuador joining hydrogen economy.Keywords. Energy systems, hydrogen energy, renewable energy, Ecuador. ResumenLa economía del hidrógeno, H2, es un paradigma energético emergente que propone al H2 como el vector que conduzca el desarrollo de la sociedad humana en este siglo, y que se concreta en el sistema energético Solar Hidrógeno, SESH, en el cual las fuentes primarias son renovables y la fuente secundaria es el H2. Una amplia cantidad de países están emprendiendo planes para la incorporación del SESH en su estructura energética. En este contexto se plantea este artículo cuyo propósito es identificar y analizar los factores intervinientes en el desarrollo del SESH en el Ecuador, mediante una investigación soportada metodológicamente en una encuesta aplicada a un conjunto de expertos involucrados, desde diferentes ámbitos, con las energías renovables y con el H2 como vector, y en una revisión documental. Se obtiene que el país dispone de suficientes potenciales aprovechables de energías renovables para garantizar la operatividad del SESH, siendo la hidroenergía y la biomasa las fuentes más adecuadas. Además, la visión del desarrollo del Estado ecuatoriano, impulsando la transformación de la matriz energética mediante la incorporación masiva de las energías renovables, favorecería...

Net-Zero Industry: Options for Plastics, Textiles, Automobiles, and Fisheries in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

“…Pathways have also examined the potential for hydrogen production from agricultural and forestry residues (Posso et al, 2020). Other studies have considered hydrogen for the transport and buildings sectors (Posso et al, 2016;Posso Rivera & Sánchez Quezada, 2014) but not for industrial purposes. We suggest that this is an area that would benefit from further investigation.…”