“…When perched rivers are entrenched into limestone above the saturated zone, infiltration occurs into and under the valley from local or allochtonous flows (Jaillet, 2000;Losson, 2003;Devos et al, 2009Devos et al, , 2015; Figure 4A level a). 2) When the surface river channel is in contact with the water table of the saturated zone, the lack of hydraulic gradient induces a ghost rock process around the fractures of the valley floor (Quinif, 2010, Devos et al, 2011Figure. When the surface river channel is strongly entrenched into the limestone substratum, and drains the flooded karst zone, a thin piezometric horizon develops ( Figure 4A level c). 4) If fluvial incision occurs in the marls or clays situated below the saturated zone, the perched karstified zone is disconnected from the river (Figure 4A level d) and the flooded zone drains into low flow springs (Devos et al, 2015).…”