The article explains the concept of neocolonial masculinities. It aims to understand the practice of mestizo and white men in their contact, as agents of the State, with indigenous people. The three levels of analysis of the concept are explained: a) conditioning structures of the practice; b) guiding categories of the practice (class, masculinity and race), and c) intersectional practice. In agreement with other theoretical developments, it is concluded that masculinities must be captured from concrete practices, accounting for the bonds between structures and individuals.