La fraude en cancérologie

Schraub, S; Ayed, Farhat Ben

doi:10.1007/s10269-010-1960-1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To obtain these extra-literature results, experts need to be brought in and/or other information sources need to be accessed. There can be serious problems with the quality of what is placed in the literature due to poor or even fraudulent research (e.g., Stapel's fraud in psychology research [17]; fraud in retracted literature [18]; publication misconduct in oncology [19]; ethics of ghost authorship [20]), and what is omitted from the literature, either from lack of funding or blockage of publication by those associated with the journals. The recent book Merchants of Doubt [21] describes how the literature has been skewed deliberately to protect the interests of industry and government.…”

Section: The Main Roadblock Of Biomedical Literature Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature-related discovery and innovation — update

Kostoff

2012

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

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Literature-Related Discovery and Innovation (LRDIformerly LRDliterature-related discovery) integrates 1) discovery generation from disparate literatures with 2) the wealth of knowledge contained in prior art to 3) potentially reverse chronic and infectious diseases and/or 4) potentially solve technical problems that appear intractable. This article describes the evolution of LRDI by the author and the insights gained/lessons learned over the past decade. To illustrate the potential power of LRDI, the article emphasizes the relationship between the results of our 2008 LRDI multiple sclerosis (MS) study and a recent demonstration of MS reversal. Lessons learned from the six LRDI medical studies done so far include:⁎ The main operational problem in the author's LRDI approach is selecting the most important concepts from extremely large volumes of potential discovery retrieval. This is contrary to most published LRDI research, where the discovery focus is searching for rare events. ⁎ It is important to have topical specialist(s) working closely with information technologist(s); the topical specialist(s) applies judgment in selecting the most important concepts. ⁎ A functional form of the information retrieval query with proximity searching capability provides highly selective filtering for discovery retrieval and core prevention/treatment retrieval; the functional form of the query with proximity searching capability allows the use of full-text for discovery and core prevention/treatment. ⁎ Bibliographic coupling (identifying papers that share common references) combined with text-based relationships strengthens selection for potential discovery further. ⁎ Having 'skin-in-the-game' (being affected personally) relative to the medical outcome is a strong incentive to do whatever is necessary to solve the research problem. ⁎ Hormesis is critical to healing; relatively modest doses of stimuli tend to be beneficial, whereas relatively large doses may be harmful. The synergy of hormetic treatment doses produces effects larger than combinations of individual doses and requires smaller doses when combined; the synergy of hormetic doses allows conversion of megadoses of nutrients typically reported in lab/clinical studies to physiological (food-level) doses and associated increased safety. ⁎ Co-promoters (combinations of toxic stimuli required to produce disease symptoms) are extremely important for explaining seemingly conflicting results; if true co-promotion is present, elimination of one of the co-promoters may be adequate for removing symptoms, even though the overall problem persists. ⁎ Prior art (potential treatments already published in the literature but not pursued by mainline medicine) may have much to contribute to potentially solve many serious medical problems; much of prior art is overlooked, especially low-tech prior art (e.g., foods, food extracts, herbs, etc.).⁎ Systemic and focused treatments are both necessary components of healing, but neither will be fully, or many times even partially, effective until t...

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Section: The Main Roadblock Of Biomedical Literature Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature-related discovery and innovation — update

Kostoff

2012

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

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“…In the German case, 94 publications were found to contain falsified or suspicious data, including many cases of recycling the same images in different contexts and publications, or copying and pasting within a certain image (Couzin and Unger 2006 : 39; Abbott and Schwarz 2002 ). In one of the fraudulent publications from Norway in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, one of the paper’s images of mouth lesions was found to be a magnified version of another image in the same article (Couzin and Schirber 2006 ; for an overview of fraud in oncology: Schraub and Ayed 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Systematic Screening Tool for Quality Assurance and Semiautomatic Fraud Detection for Images in the Life Sciences

2016

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The quality and authenticity of images is essential for data presentation, especially in the life sciences. Questionable images may often be a first indicator for questionable results, too. Therefore, a tool that uses mathematical methods to detect suspicious images in large image archives can be a helpful instrument to improve quality assurance in publications. As a first step towards a systematic screening tool, especially for journal editors and other staff members who are responsible for quality assurance, such as laboratory supervisors, we propose a basic classification of image manipulation. Based on this classification, we developed and explored some simple algorithms to detect copied areas in images. Using an artificial image and two examples of previously published modified images, we apply quantitative methods such as pixel-wise comparison, a nearest neighbor and a variance algorithm to detect copied-and-pasted areas or duplicated images. We show that our algorithms are able to detect some simple types of image alteration, such as copying and pasting background areas. The variance algorithm detects not only identical, but also very similar areas that differ only by brightness. Further types could, in principle, be implemented in a standardized scanning routine. We detected the copied areas in a proven case of image manipulation in Germany and showed the similarity of two images in a retracted paper from the Kato labs, which has been widely discussed on sites such as pubpeer and retraction watch.

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La fraude en cancérologie

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Literature-related discovery and innovation — update

Literature-related discovery and innovation — update

Towards a Systematic Screening Tool for Quality Assurance and Semiautomatic Fraud Detection for Images in the Life Sciences

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