La intensificación del uso agrícola del suelo en el litoral oeste del Uruguay en la última década

Achkar, Marcel; Domínguez, Ana; Díaz, Ismael; Pesce, Fernando

doi:10.14409/pampa.v1i7_sup.3207

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…), forests along riparian corridors are a critical buffer between a terrestrial landscape undergoing rapid agricultural intensification (Achkar et al. ; Vassallo et al. ) and a hydrological network that serves as the country's principal source of drinking water and energy (Conde & Sommruga ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This link between productivity and climate in subtropical South America implies that with increasing rainfall, the potential for carbon sequestration by native forests increases (Zhang et al 2010). While native woodland cover is limited relative to the vast grasslands and agriculture that characterize the Rio de la Plata Basin (Eva et al 2013), forests along riparian corridors are a critical buffer between a terrestrial landscape undergoing rapid agricultural intensification (Achkar et al 2011;Vassallo et al 2013) and a hydrological network that serves as the country's principal source of drinking water and energy (Conde & Sommruga 1999). Given that forest productivity increases more rapidly with increasing rainfall in comparison to grasslands in Uruguay (Texeira et al 2015), increasing rainfall could not only increase productivity, but could be a potential precursor to the predicted encroachment of forests into grasslands (Anadon et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of subtropical forest and savanna productivity to climate variability in South America, Uruguay

Lucas

Ceroni²,

Baeza

et al. 2016

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Increasing climate variability has major effects on forest productivity, as well as transitions between forest and savanna ecosystems. While drought‐induced declines in tropical forest productivity and forest loss is a global concern, forest expansion in subtropical South America predicted by climate models has received little attention. In the forest–grassland transition zone encompassing Uruguay, we ask: (1) how does climate variability affect woodland productivity and at what time scales; and (2) how do different woodland types (riparian, hillside and wooded savanna) differ in their sensitivity to climate variability? Location Forests and wooded savanna in Uruguay, subtropical southeast South America. Methods Primary productivity was measured as the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) based on monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from multitemporal (1998–2012) SPOT imagery at a 1 km × 1 km resolution, covering 19% of Uruguayan woodlands. The effects of accumulated rainfall and mean temperature on the productivity of riparian and hillside forests and wooded savanna were evaluated using correlations and time series analysis over multiple time windows ranging from 1–24 mo. Results Inter‐annual rainfall variability and seasonal temperatures affected forest productivity even though average conditions were largely non‐limiting. Periods of exceptionally high rainfall and warm winters had positive effects on forest productivity, but hot summers had a negative effect on all woodland productivity. Riparian and hillside forest productivity was equally susceptible to drought, showing similar relationships to accumulated rainfall over multiple time periods, as well as similar susceptibility to high summer temperatures. Wooded savanna – a composite cover of trees and a grass/forb understorey – productivity was linked to seasonal rainfall over 3–6 mo, and in general showed the lowest correlation with inter‐annual variability in rainfall. Conclusions Results suggest functional convergence in the response of riparian and hillside forests to water deficit and hot summers. The increases in forest productivity with increasing rainfall and declining drought risk – as predicted by the IPCC for this region – are a potential mechanism for increased growth and future expansion of forests in this biogeographic transition zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of subtropical forest and savanna productivity to climate variability in South America, Uruguay

Lucas

Ceroni²,

Baeza

et al. 2016

J Vegetation Science

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“…En términos geográficos, el avance de la agricultura de secano sobre otros sistemas productivos (principalmente el ganadero), se hizo geográficamente, primero desde los departamentos del litoral al oeste del país (Río Negro, Soriano) hacia el centro y este del país que son zonas de menor, y luego hacia áreas del noreste del país (Bianco, et al 2019). Este proceso de expansión (Achkar, et al 2011) responde a un conjunto articulado de factores que se detallan a a continuación.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Heterogeneidad social de la clase empresarial agrícola en el campo uruguayo.

Figueredo¹

2021

PAMPA

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A partir de las intensas trasnformaciones en la estructura productiva nacional, este trabajo se propone realizar un análisis descriptivo del proceso de diferenciación interna de la clase capitalista agraria en el Uruguay contemporáneo y su vínculo con el afianzamiento de un nuevo modelo agrario vinculado con la agricultura extensiva. El abordaje metodológico de este trabajo se basa en entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas entre 2018 y 2019 a empresarios y gerentes de empresas agrícolas operativas en Uruguay. Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación permiten concluir que el universo que compone la clase empresarial agrícola es desigual, identificando cuatro perfiles empresariales diferentes.

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“…La cuenca del APEF se ubica en una de las zonas de mayor intensificación e intensidad de uso del suelo del país (Achkar et al, 2011). La intensificación transforma la matriz natural-agraria del territorio a través de un proceso donde se reemplazan los pastizales 3 por monocultivos de soja y forestación, que desplaza la ganadería extensiva; y los sistemas mixtos agrícola-ganaderos que van cambiando hacia sistemas agrícolas intensivos; y pasan de un modelo de rotación a uno de predominantemente de agricultura continua (Blum et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Riesgo y resiliencia de productores ganaderos familiares en el área protegida Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos, Uruguay

Gazzano¹,

Altieri²,

Borrás³

et al. 2016

Agrociencia

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ResumenEl riesgo de los ganaderos familiares que pastorean en el Área Protegida Esteros de Farrapos aumenta en función de la sinergia entre las inundaciones y la disminución de las áreas de pastoreo fuera del estero. En este trabajo se consideró la frecuencia de inundaciones determinando la altura de lámina de agua del río Uruguay en un período de ocho años y el número de días en que la altura del agua excedió los umbrales que manejan los productores. El trabajo analiza las formas de internalizar el riesgo que tienen los productores ganaderos familiares. El riesgo se evaluó con el índice holístico de riesgo (Barrera et al., 2007) que combina amenaza, capacidad de respuesta y vulnerabilidad. Los umbrales de altura de agua, se determinaron mediante entrevista en profundidad. El agua superó el umbral de 3 msnm y el ganado debe estar fuera del estero 334 días de un total de 2914, con una distribución estacional con mayor frecuencia en el siguiente orden: primaveraverano-invierno-otoño. Cuatro productores presentan riesgo bajo, fundamentalmente por alta capacidad de respuesta; 18 riesgo medio, divididos en: alta vulnerabilidad y menor vulnerabilidad y mayor capacidad de respuesta; y tres presentan riesgo alto, por alto nivel de amenaza y vulnerabilidad y menor capacidad de respuesta. La relación amenaza-capacidad de respuesta fue inversamente proporcional y significativa. La capacidad de respuesta vinculada con principios y criterios agroecológicos permite orientar estrategias entre productores y en la gestión del área. Palabras clave: índice holístico de riesgo, adaptabilidad, agroecologíaThe risk of family farmers in the Protected Area Esteros de Farrapos (APEF) increases with synergy between flooding and reduced grazing areas outside the estuary. This study analyzed the extent of the frequency of flooding by determining the height of the water surface of the río Uruguay in a period of eight years and the number of days when the water level exceeded the thresholds handled by producers. The paper analyzes the ways livestock producers internalize the risk. The risk was analyzed with the holistic risk index (Barrera et al., 2007) that combines threat, responsiveness and vulnerability. The water height thresholds were determined by in-depth interviews. The water exceeded the threshold of 3 masl, therefore cattle have to be out of the estuary, during 334 days out of a total of 2914 presenting a seasonal distribution with major frequency in the following order: spring-summer-winter-autumn. Four producers have low risk due to high responsiveness; 18 present medium risk divided in: high vulnerability and lower vulnerability and increased responsiveness; and three producers are at a high risk due to high threat and vulnerability and lower responsiveness. The relationship threat-responsiveness was inversely proportional and significant. Responsiveness linked with agro-ecological principles and criteria helps orienting strategies between producers and managing of the area.

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La intensificación del uso agrícola del suelo en el litoral oeste del Uruguay en la última década

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitivity of subtropical forest and savanna productivity to climate variability in South America, Uruguay

Sensitivity of subtropical forest and savanna productivity to climate variability in South America, Uruguay

Heterogeneidad social de la clase empresarial agrícola en el campo uruguayo.

Riesgo y resiliencia de productores ganaderos familiares en el área protegida Parque Nacional Esteros de Farrapos, Uruguay

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