La politique du logement des immigrés (1945-1990)

Abstract

La politique du logement des immigrés, Vincent Viet. S'il se posait bien avant la Libération, le problème du logement des immigrés est devenu crucial dans les années 1970, alors que la pénurie de logements pour les nationaux ne revêtait plus la même intensité que par le passé. Un tel constat invite à questionner les différents modes d'action qui ont été mis en oeuvre pour régler, dans le même temps, la question du logement des nationaux et celle des immigrés. Ni le mode de la « différenciation », retenu jusqu'au milieu des années 1970, ni celui, ultérieur, de « l'indifférenciation » n'ont permis de réaliser la dispersion des étrangers dans le parc du logement social et d'éviter un phénomène que les responsables de la politique d'immigration redoutaient depuis longtemps : l'émergence et l'affirmation d'une société multiethnique et multiculturelle.

Return to Sender: Remittances, Communication and Family Conflict

“…This chapter has described how remittances have long been a way of life for the hostel residents and their families, sustaining the existence of both recipients and senders, be that materially or socially. The French government's migrant worker hostel policy itself was designed to facilitate such transfers: by keeping rents low, the men were able to send as much money as possible back home, thereby discouraging family reunification (Viet 1999). The men who remain in the hostels past retirement have internalised this logic, to the point that remittance sending has become an institutionalised practice.…”

“…2, one of the state's primary aims in building low-rent hostels was to limit family reunification by facilitating high levels of remittances. This would benefit workers' families more than would have been the case had the latter come to live in France, where the cost of living was far more expensive (Viet 1999). Of course, it was never envisaged that the hostels would continue to provide housing for the same migrants half a century later, and indeed a large proportion long ago left the hostels -either to return home or to reunify in France with their families (see Chap.…”

Neocolonial Urbanism? La Rénovation Urbaine in Paris

“…It stands in a tradition of treating migrants from the colonies as political risks. Indeed, in the 1950s, strategies to manage or dissolve migrant concentrations (in shantytowns, hostels, transitional housing, and occasionally, regular social housing) were informed by colonial personnel, tactics, and population classifications, notably from Algeria (Blanc ; Cohen and David ; De Barros , ; Hmed ; Viet ). After 1962, these colonial practices were adapted to control and “civilize” migrants with state branches sometimes linked to housing officials: social security, immigration, citizenship, regional planning, civil engineering, local policing, internal security and the military (Belmessous ; Blanchard ; David ; De Barros ; Fredenucci , ; Hajjat ; Laurens ; Math ; Rigouste :21–49; Sacriste ; Spire ).…”

“…After 1962, these colonial practices were adapted to control and “civilize” migrants with state branches sometimes linked to housing officials: social security, immigration, citizenship, regional planning, civil engineering, local policing, internal security and the military (Belmessous ; Blanchard ; David ; De Barros ; Fredenucci , ; Hajjat ; Laurens ; Math ; Rigouste :21–49; Sacriste ; Spire ). These strategies responded, in part, to mobilizations of migrants in workplaces, shantytowns, hostels and neighbourhoods like the Goutte D'Or (Hervo ; Hmed ; Kawtari ; Pitti ; Taalba ; Viet ).…”

Theory and practice of return migration at retirement: the case of migrant worker hostel residents in France

“…1 1 Several factors conspired in the decision of post‐war French governments to follow a policy of hostel building for migrant workers: the public health imperative of slum and shanty town clearance; speed and low cost of construction; a desire to limit family reunification by making hostel accommodation the normal form of accommodation for labour migrants in France; and the need for control and surveillance during an era that witnessed the Algerian war, the events of May 1968, and fractious industrial relations. For further details see Bernardot (1999) and Viet (1999). …”