2006
DOI: 10.3406/galia.2006.3297
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La provenance des barres de fer romaines des Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône) : étude archéologique et archéométrique

Abstract: Mots-clés. Montagne Noire, épaves romaines, barres de fer, épigraphie, inclusions de scories, analyses chimiques. Résumé. Cet article a deux objectifs : d'une part, faire connaître l'état actuel des découvertes d'épaves romaines chargées de fer devant les Saintes-Maries-de-laMer (une nouvelle typologie, ouverte, raisonnée et qui intègre l'ancienne est proposée) et, d'autre part, par le biais des analyses chimiques (éléments en trace) d'inclusions de scorie, tester l'hypothèse de provenance du centre sidérurgiq… Show more

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Cited by 27 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Debate, too, has been limited, resulting in multiple analytical strategies and few opportunities for demonstrating their general applicability. Among the approaches taken are chemical analyses of the metal in comparison to potential ores (Devos et al, 2000), isotopic ratio analysis of the metal in comparison to potential ores (Degryse et al, 2007(Degryse et al, , 2009Schwab et al, 2006) and, most commonly, the chemical analysis of slag inclusions (SIs) in the metal in comparison to potential ironmaking regions or ore bodies (Blakelock et al, 2009;Buchwald, 2005;Coustures et al, 2003Coustures et al, , 2006Desaulty et al, 2008;Desaulty et al, 2009;Gordon and van der Merwe, 1984;Hedges and Salter, 1979;Leroy, 2010, Leroy et al, 2011, 2012.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Debate, too, has been limited, resulting in multiple analytical strategies and few opportunities for demonstrating their general applicability. Among the approaches taken are chemical analyses of the metal in comparison to potential ores (Devos et al, 2000), isotopic ratio analysis of the metal in comparison to potential ores (Degryse et al, 2007(Degryse et al, , 2009Schwab et al, 2006) and, most commonly, the chemical analysis of slag inclusions (SIs) in the metal in comparison to potential ironmaking regions or ore bodies (Blakelock et al, 2009;Buchwald, 2005;Coustures et al, 2003Coustures et al, , 2006Desaulty et al, 2008;Desaulty et al, 2009;Gordon and van der Merwe, 1984;Hedges and Salter, 1979;Leroy, 2010, Leroy et al, 2011, 2012.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides, trace element analyses allow distinguishing the iron productions of several workshops (i.e., also reflected by EROTIS and LEPIDI stamps) (Figure 3), in the same mining district, using the same ore sources—in different proportions—having heterogeneous elemental composition (Béziat et al, 2016b; Coustures et al, 2007). The differences of major elements composition may indeed reflect that of the gossans from the Montagne Noire (Baron et al, 2011; Coustures et al, 2006) or may have been influenced by the temperature and smelting conditions (charcoal and furnace lining) from one reduction batch to another (e.g., Benvenuti et al, 2013, 2016; Béziat et al, 2016a; Paynter, 2006). In the case of a centralized iron bar production, smithing workshops would have been supplied in several pieces of poorly refined metal from several mining districts.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies investigated the provenance of several iron bars from Les Saintes‐Maries‐de‐la‐Mer by trace element analyses and tested the hypothesis of an origin from the Montagne Noire massif (Baron et al, 2011; Coustures et al, 2006). The present paper explores the origin of the same bars using Fe isotopes in order to validate the robustness of Fe isotopes as a pertinent tracer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These boats transported various cargoes such as marble blocks, lead ingots, and iron bars. Eleven of the shipwrecks contained mainly ferrous bars, equivalent to more than 500 tons of iron (Long et al 2002; Coustures et al 2006; Pagès 2014). This discovery has fueled much research on the iron production network, the techniques used, and the question of the raw materials’ origins (Coustures et al 2003; Pagès et al 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Morphological studies based on metrological criteria led to the identification of eight bar types (Long et al 2002, 2005; Coustures et al 2006). This first approach of characterization was completed by extensive metallographic observations and chemical analysis of 48 bars collected in six wrecks (Pagès et al 2008, 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%