La Scuola militare di Modena: caratteristiche istituzionali e ruolo politico

Abstract

- Bruno Giordano's book on the officers educated at the Modena military school opens a number of different paths of research. This comment focuses on institutional and political aspects: what is the place of the Modena experience in the history of military training? And how did it affect the relations between politic and the military in the Cisalpino-Italic system? In the first area special attention s given to the Italian tradition of military academies and especially to the model represented by the Collegio militare of Verona; in the second field the case of Modena is used to emphasize the difficulties and contradictions arising as a consequence of the predominance of the French influence.Parole chiave: esercito; periodo napoleonico; ingegneri; Scuola di Modena.Key Words: Army; Napoleonic age; engineers; Modena military School.

Health, Height and Regional Disparities in Italy: Evidence From Conscripts’ Data, 1843-1871

“…The partial conscriptions held in 1859-1861, and the first one of the Italian Kingdom, held in 1863 (birth cohort 1842), are excluded from the present investigation. As previously noted, the conscriptions of 1859-1861 involved, in fact, some regions, and were based on different legislations, while the first conscription of 1863 was characterised by a very high number of absentees and draft-evaders, particularly in the southern regions ( Ministero della Guerra 1865, p. 78; Del Negro 1979, p. 178; Farolfi 1979). In the conscription held in 1864 (cohort 1843), the number of draft-evaders was 13,476, that is 5.8 per cent of the youths recorded in the draw-pool lists (232,154).…”

“…The first conscription law of the Italian kingdom, issued in 1862 (Law no. 696 of 13 July 1862), substantially drew upon the «La Marmora Act» of 1854, first adopted by the Kingdom of Sardinia and subsequently extended to the former Italian states as they were then progressively annexed (Del Negro 1979; Ilari 1989; Rovinello 2013, 2020). The conscription procedures were organised as follows.…”

“…In 1859-1861, while the national unification process was still ongoing, eight partial conscriptions, involving the youths of the former Italian states progressively annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia, were called up; three conscriptions drew upon the pre-existing local legislations, while the others were enacted under the 1854 Act (Del Negro 1979; Ilari 1989, p. 359).…”

“… 2 The conscripts declared fit for military services were assigned, on the basis of the number drawn during the operations of conscription, to one of two categories. Those assigned to the first category served for 5 years, while those assigned to the second category served 40 days and then went straight into the reserve (Del Negro 1979, p. 176). The period of military service was progressively reduced by successive reforms.…”