La variation somatique et l'évolution chez les plantes supérieures

Dulieu, H.

doi:10.1080/12538078.2005.10515492

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The rates of mutations, conversions, recombinations, indels and heritable epimutations can vary by several orders of magnitude due to environmental stresses. These reactions to stresses can lead to hypermutation situations (Dulieu, 2005;Filipecki and Malepszy, 2006;Perrone and Martinelli, 2020;Rath, 2018;Reddy et al, 2020;Roberts and Gordenin, 2014). Mutations and induced hypermutations can thus persist as signatures of past events.…”

Section: Genome Stability and Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequencies of mutations and epimutations due to somaclonal variation are still relatively low. According to the IAEA, it is usual to increase them up to one million 8 times by adding chemical or physical mutagens (Brash, 2015;Dulieu, 2005;Kovalchuk et al, 2000). The development of the in vitro techniques has allowed such a switch from the previous in vivo techniques (Maluszynski et al, 1995(Maluszynski et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Somaclonal Variation and Transgenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally speaking, the number of backcrosses needed to approach this theoretical purity varies according to numerous factors such as (i) the size of the haploid genomes, (ii) the pangenomes and (iii) degrees of ploidy, (iv) the alleles and pseudoalleles involved, (v) the number of known traits to be introgressed and conserved, (vi) the sizes and loci present in the non-Mendelian segregated regions, (vii) the proximity between the trait to be introduced (linkage drag) and those to be eliminated, (viii) the type of gene involved (plant defence reaction genes), (ix) the autogamy or not of the species or (x) the meiotic drive, among others (Ashapkin et al, 2016;Bertheau, 2019;Dulieu, 2005;Flint-Garcia, 2013;Flint-Garcia et al, 2003;Gao et al, 2016;Glenn et al, 2017;Golicz et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2014;Rodgers-Melnick et al, 2015;Xue et al, 2019). This 'purification' of the genome by backcrossing is finally more complicated with non-dominant traits.…”

Section: Examples Of the Persistence Of Genomic And Epigenomic Scars And Signatures Through The Backcrossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is essential to clearly distinguish the mutation rates observed during experiments from the substitution rates, which are retained changes; a confusion often made in expert reports (Exposito-Alonso et al, 2018). The substitution rates in plants are between 10 −8 and 10 −9 per site and generation, independent of the plants' annual or perennial character (Dulieu, 2005;Exposito-Alonso et al, 2018;Whittle and Johnston, 2003). Moreover, the somatic mutations transmitted from the hybrids are dependent on the parents (Bashir et al, 2014;Dulieu, 2005;Schoen and Schultz, 2019).…”

Section: Distinguishing Natural and Non-natural Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

Bertheau¹

2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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In 2018 the Court of Justice of the European Union recalled that organisms with genomes modified by artifactual techniques should be considered GMOs under European regulations. GMOs derived from cultures of cells isolated in vitro or from new genomic techniques must therefore be traceable. This chapter reviews the various technical steps and characteristics of those techniques causing genomic and epigenomic scars and signatures. These intentional and unintentional traces, some of which are already used for varietal identification, and are being standardized, can be used to identify these GMOs and differentiate them from natural mutants. The chapter suggests a routine procedure for operators and control laboratories to achieve this without additional costs.

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Section: Genome Stability and Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Somaclonal Variation and Transgenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of the Persistence Of Genomic And Epigenomic Scars And Signatures Through The Backcrossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distinguishing Natural and Non-natural Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

Bertheau¹

2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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“…Dans une race (ou une espèce) on trouve un certain nombre (pair) de chromosomes ; dans une autre, le double ou le quadruple ; il y a de nombreuses variantes, y compris des cas d'aneuploïdie, c'est-à-dire de garniture chromosomique non multiple exact du nombre haploïde. Dans une synthèse récente, Dulieu (2005) rappelle que le matériel chromosomique peut varier au cours du développement de l'organisme, ce qui contredit la notion d'« individu » ; c'est un aspect de la souplesse de l'organisation générale des végétaux, opposé à ce que l'on pourrait attendre d'un « individu », en s'appuyant sur le modèle animal habituel.…”

Section: Les Variations De La Ploïdieunclassified

La végétalité: un réseau de déterminismes reliant structure, biologie et milieu de vie dans le deuxième royaume de la nature?

Baillaud¹

2007

Acta Botanica Gallica

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To cite this article: Lucien Baillaud (2007) La végétalité: un réseau de déterminismes reliant structure, biologie et milieu de vie dans le deuxième royaume de la nature?, Acta Botanica Gallica, 154:2, 153-201, DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2007 Résumé.-Un réseau de causalités reliant le hasard, les auto-assemblages, les interactions, les corrélations, puis les nécessités et enfin la sélection caractérise le deuxième royaume de la nature. Les êtres vivants rangés classiquement dans le Regnum vegetabile vont des phanérogames aux champignons (et même aux bactéries). Cet ensemble hétéroclite a en commun l'enveloppe presque rigide de la cellule. Il en découle une série de caractères associant structure, biologie et milieux de vie, en opposition avec le Regnum animale. Ne pouvant se déplacer, le végétal se nourrit sur place au travers de sa paroi ; la photosynthèse permet justement la formation des glucides nécessaires à la construction de la paroi. L'organisme n'a donc pas besoin d'un système nerveux central, mais sa vie est limitée par l'espace qu'il occupe (et sa surface). Bien d'autres caractéristiques en découlent, qui distinguent la végétalité et l'animalité. Mots clés : végétalité -individu végétal -stratégies adaptatives -éthologie végétale.Abstract.-The various living classically arranged in the Regnum vegetabile have been called phanerogams, vascular cryptogams and cellular cryptogams (bryophytes, Algae, and also Fungi and even Bacteria). This artificial group has a common feature, the rigid wall of the cell, missing by animals. From this feature, it follows a series of characteristics associating structure, biology and environment, in contrast to animality. Unable to move and to capture preys, « plants » can feed through their walls. Precisely, photosynthesis allows the synthesis of carbohydrates necessary to build the walls. In these conditions, the organism does not need a central nervous system, but its life is limited by its extension in space and area ; the unlimited growth is an aspect of its struggle for life. A complex net of causalities between chance, correlations, necessity and selection characterizes many aspects of the second kingdom of nature.

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Two distinct AFLP types in three populations of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) in Wales

Hol¹,

Wurff²,

Skøt³

et al. 2008

Plant Genet. Res.

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Subscribe to Journal Email AbstractThe genetic structure of marram grass populations at coastal and inland locations, 200 m apart, was investigated at three sites by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA markers. We expected a genetic differentiation between coastal and inland populations and more genetic variation in the coastal areas as a result of different events of colonization by different plant materials. An assignment test showed that the sampled Ammophila arenaria could be assigned to two groups based on AFLP data. The spatial distribution of the two AFLP types of A. arenaria varied with sampling location. In two of the three locations, mainly one type (1) was found in the newly formed dunes. This type did also occur further landward, but the second type (2) was preferentially found in inland populations. Genetic diversity was very low and of similar value in both coastal and inland populations. For each site, outlier loci with respect to F ST value were identified, which may be indicative of different selection pressures in coastal compared with inland clusters. However, no identical outlier loci were found at all three sites. Possible explanations for the observed difference in distribution of type 1 and 2 populations between coastal and inland sites are discussed.

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La variation somatique et l'évolution chez les plantes supérieures

Cited by 3 publications

References 92 publications

Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

Advances in identifying GM plants: toward the routine detection of ‘hidden’ and ‘new’ GMOs

La végétalité: un réseau de déterminismes reliant structure, biologie et milieu de vie dans le deuxième royaume de la nature?

Two distinct AFLP types in three populations of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) in Wales

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