“…The oxide scale growth rate is calculated by Equation 1, where M is the sample mass gain, A is the sample surface area, t is the oxidation time and Kp is the parabolic rate constant. The result of parabolic rate constant (Kp) ( Table 4) of the bare sample is consistent with values presented in studies in the literature [31][32][33] . It is observed that the Kp results (Table 4) are similar for all the samples, which demonstrate that the formation of oxide was not influenced by the difference in surface samples.…”