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Abstract

Pure water is neither affected by magnetic field nor keeps memory of its past experience. But amazingly, this property of water alters if it is exposed to air (oxygen), as liquid crystalline exclusion zones (EZ) build up, especially around nanoparticles present as impurities. The nanoparticle structure is not kinetically trapped, but responsive to environmental changes. Further, the EZ could contain surface-specific information. Based on these facts and on certain pharmaceutical and clinical observations in homeopathy, in this paper a novel "The Nanoparticle -EZ Shell Model" is developed. The goal is to understand the retention of memory of a source drug through serial succussed dilutions, where it physically no longer remains. This model suggests that during a few initial dilutions, nanoparticles adsorb the source drug which modifies their structure. Such nanoparticles, along with the adsorbed source drug as nucleator, build up modified EZ shells around them. Both the structurally modified nanoparticles and their modified shells have information about the source drug in "crude and condensed" form. In successive dilutions, during violent strokes at each dilution, the modified EZ shells strip off to spread as further modified EZ templates to nanoparticles present in that dilution, modifying their structures accordingly. Thus the source drug information passes, "evolving" from one dilution to the next, beyond even Avogadro. This model also explains other bizarre and wildly diverse aspects of homeopathic medicines. The proposed model provides a rational base for further research, as understanding homeopathic medicine may prove pivotal for understanding nanoscience, water and its so called memory.

The Materialist View of Homeopathy: An Alternative Hypothesis and the Connection with Hormesis

“…This model explains why homeopathy could take birth two centuries ago at the time of impure chemistry when Hahnemann even made his medicine occasionally in whisky. 15 Similarly, the work of Chikramane et al 2 made a shocking revelation, which was never paid attention to; that source-drug may be present even in significant quantity in homeopathic high dilution. This presence was a big challenge for homeopathic theoreticians to explain why it would not vitiate the medicinal properties acquired at that dilution.…”

“…This presence was a big challenge for homeopathic theoreticians to explain why it would not vitiate the medicinal properties acquired at that dilution. 15 Homeopathic medicine contains source-drug up to 12C potency (Avogadro's limit). In this potency range, homeopathic medicinal effects may be divided into two parts, namely source-drug based and source-drug specific 'information' based.…”

“…'The Nanoparticle-EZ Shell Model' explains that at 3C potency, the sourcedrug specific 'information' is completely acquired by nanoparticles and their EZ shells; and at 4C potency, this acquired 'information' becomes independent of its source-drug. 15 So from 3C potency onwards, homeopathic medicine would work through the acquired source-drug specific 'information'. 15 By then, most of the source-drugs have already become too diluted in themselves to be therapeutically effective.…”

“…6 Recently, a novel 'Nanoparticle-EZ Shell Model' has been proposed, which explains homeopathic medicine wholly in its different and diverse aspects, along with magnet-treated water. 15 This model is an extension of the previous work of Upadhyay et al 13 and it is based on the following three facts:…”

“…He took his medicine 'spirit-like', which remains no more mystical now as it could contain source-drug specific 'information'. 15 Some models were proposed in the past to explain homeopathic medicine and its seemingly bizarre 'memory'; but they fell short of expectations. 12 This vacuity seems to open doors for Chikramane et al to propose their hypothesis "thereby resolving the homeopathic conundrum and reconciling it with atomistic theory of matter."…”