Lab on a chip phased-array MR multi-platform analysis system

Gruschke, Oliver; Baxan, Nicoleta; Clad, Lars; Kratt, K.; Elverfeldt, Dominik von; Peter, Andreas; Hennig, Jürgen; Badilita, Vlad; Wallrabe, Ulrike; Korvink, Jan G.

doi:10.1039/c2lc20585h

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A variety of planar micro-NMR detector geometries that are compatible with microfluidic devices have been proposed [5,6], including planar spiral coils [7,8], micro-slots [9], Helmholtz pairs [10], and phased array detectors [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimised detector for in-situ high-resolution NMR in microfluidic devices

Finch

Yılmaz

Utz

2016

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

109

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Integration of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices is challenging due to limited sensitivity and line broadening caused by magnetic susceptibility inhomogeneities. We present a novel double-stripline NMR probe head that accommodates planar microfluidic devices, and obtains the NMR spectrum from a rectangular sample chamber on the chip with a volume of 2 l. Finite element analysis is used to jointly optimise the detector and sample volume geometry for sensitivity and RF homogeneity. A prototype of the optimised design has been built, and its properties have been characterised experimentally. The performance in terms of sensitivity and RF homogeneity closely agrees with the numerical predictions. The system reaches a mass limit of detection of 1.57 nMol p s, comparing very favourably with other micro-NMR systems. The spectral resolution of this chipGprobe system is better than 1.75 Hz at a magnetic field of 7 T, with excellent line shape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimised detector for in-situ high-resolution NMR in microfluidic devices

Finch

Yılmaz

Utz

2016

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

109

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“…For instance, such spectrometer electronics chips can greatly simplify the setup and reduce the cost of multichannel experiments (as implied by our HSQC and HMQC experiments), such as multichannel acquisition spectroscopy (27), phased-array applications (37,38), and multichannel microscopic flow monitoring (2). Furthermore, a cluster of spectrometer electronics chips and microcoils (39) placed within a superconducting magnet bore may enable highly parallel NMR spectroscopy, countering the inherent slowness of individual NMR spectroscopy experiment and enabling the highthroughput paradigm for pharmaceutical screening (3), structural biology (5), and metabolomics/metabonomics (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

Paulsen

Sun

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers using superconducting magnets have enabled, with their ultrafine spectral resolution, the determination of the structure of large molecules such as proteins, which is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy. Many chemical and biotechnological applications, however, involve only small-to-medium size molecules, for which the ultrafine resolution of the bulky, expensive, and high-maintenance NMR spectrometers is not required. For these applications, there is a critical need for portable, affordable, and low-maintenance NMR spectrometers to enable in-field, on-demand, or online applications (e.g., quality control, chemical reaction monitoring) and co-use of NMR with other analytical methods (e.g., chromatography, electrophoresis). As a critical step toward NMR spectrometer miniaturization, small permanent magnets with high field homogeneity have been developed. In contrast, NMR spectrometer electronics capable of modern multidimensional spectroscopy have thus far remained bulky. Complementing the magnet miniaturization, here we integrate the NMR spectrometer electronics into 4-mm 2 silicon chips. Furthermore, we perform various multidimensional NMR spectroscopies by operating these spectrometer electronics chips together with a compact permanent magnet. This combination of the spectrometer-electronics-on-a-chip with a permanent magnet represents a useful step toward miniaturization of the overall NMR spectrometer into a portable platform. N MR spectroscopy has been celebrated for its ability to probe molecular structures and dynamics with the atomic resolution (1-9). State-of-the-art NMR spectrometers use large superconducting magnets, whose high and uniform magnetic fields lead to the fine spectral resolution necessary for interrogating large molecules such as proteins. In fact, the structural study of large molecules is one of the most profound applications of modern NMR spectroscopy.However, the spectral resolution of the bulky, expensive, and high-maintenance NMR spectrometers is not necessary for a broad array of studies involving small-to-medium size molecules in chemistry, chemical engineering, and biotechnology (10, 11). In this case, portable, affordable, and low-maintenance NMR spectrometers built with a permanent magnet can make the benefits of NMR spectroscopy more broadly available and enable new applications. Bulky superconducting systems have to be permanently placed in dedicated laboratories, but portable systems can enable in-field, on-demand, or online applications such as quality control and chemical reaction monitoring (4), and can greatly facilitate co-use of NMR spectroscopy with other analytical methods such as liquid chromatography (12) and capillary electrophoresis (13). Thus, much effort has been devoted to miniaturizing NMR spectrometers, leading to the critical development of small permanent magnets with high field homogeneity (10,14,15).Complementing this advance in magnet miniaturization, here we integrate the spectrometer elec...

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“…1 Fig. 1: Phased array of several hexagonally wire bonded micro coils [5]. The phased array of micro coils with tuning and matching electronics is mounted on a PCB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS 8-channel frequency division multiplexer for 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging

Jouda

Gruschke

Korvink

2013

Proceedings of the 2013 9th Conference on Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME)

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We present a CMOS 8-channel frequency division multiplexer (FDM) to interface a phased array of micro coils for 9.4 T (400 MHz Larmor precession frequency ω0) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The integrated multiplexer contributes towards a solution to achieve phased arrays with a massive number of coils without unnecessarily increasing system complexity, the size of hardware, and cost. The multiplexer is designed using commercially available 0.35 µm CMOS technology and consists of five major components: a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a frequency mixer, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a bandpass filter (BPF), and an adding operational amplifier. The maximum gain of a single channel is 79 dB, and the input referred noise is 1.4 nV/ √ Hz. The die area of the multiplexer is approximately 8 mm 2 , and requires 300 mA from a 3.3 V source.

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Lab on a chip phased-array MR multi-platform analysis system

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

An optimised detector for in-situ high-resolution NMR in microfluidic devices

An optimised detector for in-situ high-resolution NMR in microfluidic devices

Scalable NMR spectroscopy with semiconductor chips

CMOS 8-channel frequency division multiplexer for 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging

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