Lab-scale error analysis on X-ray fluorecence sensing for bulk ore sorting

Li, Genzhuang; Klein, Bern; Sun, Chunbao

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2021.106812

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The printed sheets were also tested using XRF to determine their chemical compositions as shown in Table . The use of EDX to analyze a chemical composition has been a more accurate method than WDXRF, which can only detect elements as low as 10 ppm . As a result, a partial detection of elements can be provided by XRF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of EDX to analyze a chemical composition has been a more accurate method than WDXRF, which can only detect elements as low as 10 ppm. 47 As a result, a partial detection of elements can be provided by XRF. Both Al and Sr were the only elements detected by XRF on printed sheets, whereas Dy and Eu were not detected due to their extremely low contents.…”

Section: Preparation Of Color-tunable Inkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Preparation of a Transparent Photoluminescent Self-Healable Smart Ink for a Dual-Mode Security Authentication

Alkhamis

Alessa

Mogharbel

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ultraviolet-induced photochromism has been an attractive dual-mode security encoding approach to enhance the anticounterfeiting performance of commercial products. However, photochromic inks have recently reported major drawbacks, including high cost, low efficacy, and poor durability. Herein, we report the development of self-healing security ink using poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) immobilized with rare-earth-activated aluminate nanoparticles for advanced anticounterfeiting applications. Remarkably, self-healable security inks can ensure durability and photostability. The self-healing composite ink demonstrated ultraviolet-induced photochromism with high reversibility and photostability. Various self-healing composite inks of diverse emission properties were developed using various concentrations of rare-earth-activated aluminate nanoparticles. Homogeneous films were printed onto paper sheets, demonstrating a colorless appearance that changed to green under ultraviolet rays as proved by the CIE Lab. The morphological properties of the phosphor were examined, demonstrating a particle diameter of 4–9 nm. Various analytical methods were used to investigate the morphology and chemical composition of the prepared photochromic films. Both the rheological and mechanical properties of the ink solution and the ink-printed paper sheets were measured. The luminescent films had an excitation wavelength of 365 nm (colorless) and an emission peak at 520 nm (green). Various industries can benefit greatly from the current smart ink as an efficient strategy for the development of anticounterfeiting commercial products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Color-tunable Inkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Transparent Photoluminescent Self-Healable Smart Ink for a Dual-Mode Security Authentication

Alkhamis

Alessa

Mogharbel

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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show abstract

“…Since XRF is a surface technique unable to penetrate the whole volume of rocks, the orientation of individual particles relative to the sensor location as they are being scanned during each test may lead to variations in grade measurements, thereby impacting the accuracy of grade predictions. Such variation that may be experienced in bulk ore sorting studies was identified as heterogeneity error [19]. The heterogeneity error is expected in lab simulations to a certain level, since, as described previously, a single XRF sensor is mounted on the ATM test device with a typical 2-s measurement window.…”

Section: Xrf Sensor Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deployment of XRF Sensors Underground: An Opportunity for Grade Monitoring or Bulk Ore Sorting in Cave Mines

Cetin

Klein

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Ore grades are monitored regularly in cave mines through drawpoint sampling. Automating grade monitoring through deploying X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensors on the buckets of production loaders has been proposed as an alternative approach to address the issues around the traditional practice of drawpoint sampling. Bucket-mounted sensors can also be employed for bulk ore sorting underground. This study is aimed at evaluating the deployment of XRF sensors on production loaders as an opportunity for grade monitoring or bulk ore sorting in caving operations. The mill feed grade prediction performances of the drawpoint sampling program and mine planning software were assessed for the Cadia East panel cave mine. The results showed that the drawpoint samples underestimated the mill feed quality during a 10-month investigation period. The cave portions with bulk ore sorting potential were linked to the extraction level layout to estimate the number of drawpoints where sensors could be situated for diverting ore and waste. Samples obtained from the mine were tested to evaluate the ability of a lab-scale proxy of a bucket-mounted XRF sensor system to measure copper and gold grades. R-squared values of 0.84 and 0.68 were achieved between the predicted and measured copper and gold grades of the samples, respectively. Sensor test results are promising in revealing the potential to utilize XRF sensors underground. Future test work is encouraged to further validate the applicability of XRF sensors in an underground mining environment.

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“…Literature [17] references infrared spectroscopy technology to the operation of sensor sorting of ores, which can realize accurate sorting according to the optical properties of different kinds of ores. Literature [18] theoretically analyzed the scientific nature of X-ray fluorescence sensing technology applied to ore sorting. It used the linear regression analysis method to carry out empirical analysis, which confirmed the reliability and stability of the X-ray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on phosphorite photoelectric sorting process based on fuzzy algorithm

Luo,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

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In this paper, we synthesize the differences in grayscale and texture information of phosphorite X-ray images and extract a total of six feature quantities under their grayscale and texture features, respectively. After feature fusion, a fuzzy support vector machine classifier with a normal plane-type affiliation function is used to optimize the binary classification method of traditional support vector machines, which improves the accuracy of classification. To improve the sorting model’s division of the optimal classification hyperplane, the centroid position of the two types of samples is considered comprehensively. In order to give full play to the classification performance of the sorting model, the particle swarm algorithm is further used to optimize the core parameters of the fuzzy support vector machine, the penalty factor, and the kernel parameters to complete the construction of the classifier model. In the face of the mixed colloidal phosphorite that can not be exploited, based on the PSO-NP-FSVM photoelectric sorting operation, the concentrate yield rate, operation recovery rate, and optical sorting waste rate are 56.52%, 20.87%, and 71.17%, respectively. After photoelectric sorting, the grade of concentrate P2 O5 can be increased to 20.98%, which can meet the requirements for the grade of the processing plant. Therefore, the photoelectric sorting process combined with a fuzzy algorithm is capable of meeting the actual production requirements.

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Lab-scale error analysis on X-ray fluorecence sensing for bulk ore sorting

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Preparation of a Transparent Photoluminescent Self-Healable Smart Ink for a Dual-Mode Security Authentication

Preparation of a Transparent Photoluminescent Self-Healable Smart Ink for a Dual-Mode Security Authentication

Deployment of XRF Sensors Underground: An Opportunity for Grade Monitoring or Bulk Ore Sorting in Cave Mines

Research on phosphorite photoelectric sorting process based on fuzzy algorithm

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