Lab-scale phytotreatment of old landfill leachate using different energy crops

Assessment of the ecotoxicity of phytotreatment substrate soil as landfill cover material for in-situ leachate management

“…The tested samples were collected from a lab-scale phytotreatment test, performed according to the experimental design described by Lavagnolo et al (2016) and Garbo et al (2017). Four 45 L polyethylene tanks, with a surface area of 0.16 m 2 , were used.…”

“…In addition, landfills are not typically accepted by citizens: following the "NIMBY" (Not In My Back Yard) principle (Ma and Hipel, 2016), they consider them dangerous accumulations of waste. These oppositions could be minimized by the utilization of energy crops growing on the top of closed landfills, not only for leachate phytotreatment purposes but also for renewable energy generation, offering a pleasant view of the site (Lavagnolo et al, 2016) and enhancing the process of environmental restoration (Pivato et al, 2018a) at the same time. The landfill leachate, which is collected and re-circulated to the top of the closed landfill, could be phytotreated on a portion of the surface area with little slope.…”

“…The final objective of energy crop cultivation is the production of renewable energy: bioethanol from ligneous biomass, biodiesel from oleaginous crops and biogas from the biomass feedstock (Di Maria and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.014 Received 13 April 2018; Received in revised form 6 September 2018; Accepted 6 October 2018 Sisani, 2017; Lavagnolo et al, 2017;Pandey et al, 2016). Garbo et al (2017) and Lavagnolo et al (2016) have already considered the use of oleaginous crops (e.g. sunflower, soybean, rapeseed) on the top of a landfill for leachate phytotreatment and biodiesel production.…”

“…They reported good results, achieving efficiencies higher than 80% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, and removal of more than 70% of total nitrogen (N) and more than 95% of total phosphorous (P tot ). Moreover, a significant fraction of the leachate volume was removed by natural evapo-transpiration (Garbo et al, 2017;Lavagnolo et al, 2016).…”

Sanitary Landfill Costs From Design to Aftercare: Criteria for Defining Unit Cost

“…• Defining the disposal costs for official price lists; • Planning the best waste management system; • Evaluating the economic impact of innovative technical interventions: energy crops application on top cover (Garbo et al, 2017;Lavagnolo et al, 2016); leachate recirculation; in-situ aeration application (Raga et al, 2015); new environmental compensation or mitigation applications (Pivato et al, 2013;Kunreuther and Easterling, 1996); etc; • Improving the knowledge of the entire life cycle cost of a consumer good (from procurement of raw materials to disposal); • Analysing the impact of the reduction of specific taxes or financial guarantees when innovative interventions are applied to the landfill to reduce long term emissions; • Comparing the cost of the different landfill phases (construction, operation and aftercare) and their optimizations through the application of design alternatives.…”