Lab-Scale Study of Temperature and Duration Effects on Carbonized Solid Fuels Properties Produced from Municipal Solid Waste Components

Świechowski, Kacper; Stępień, Paweł; Syguła, Ewa; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Białowiec, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/ma14051191

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The regression analysis aimed to provide useful empirical models for easy determination of CSF properties and CSF production process in function of torrefaction temperature and time. The regression was performed according to the methodology described in previous work [37]. In short, empirical data were subjected to four main regression equations (linear, second-order polynomial, factorial regression, and response surface regression).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

2021

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Peat is the main type of peloid used in Polish cosmetic/healing spa facilities. Depending on treatment and origin, peat waste can be contaminated microbiologically, and as a result, it must be incinerated in medical waste incineration plants without energy recovery (local law). Such a situation leads to peat waste management costs increase. Therefore, in this work, we checked the possibility of peat waste upcycling to carbonized solid fuel (CSF) using torrefaction. Torrefaction is a thermal treatment process that removes microbiological contamination and improves the fuel properties of peat waste. In this work, the torrefaction conditions (temperature and time) on CSF quality were tested. Parallelly, peat decomposition kinetics using TGA and torrefaction kinetics with lifetime prediction using macro-TGA were determined. Furthermore, torrefaction theoretical mass and energy balance were determined. The results were compared with reference material (wood), and as a result, obtained data can be used to adjust currently used wood torrefaction technologies for peat torrefaction. The results show that torrefaction improves the high heating value of peat waste from 19.0 to 21.3 MJ × kg−1, peat main decomposition takes place at 200–550 °C following second reaction order (n = 2), with an activation energy of 33.34 kJ × mol−1, and pre-exponential factor of 4.40 × 10−1 s−1. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that peat torrefaction required slightly more energy than wood torrefaction, and macro-TGA showed that peat torrefaction has lower torrefaction constant reaction rates (k) than wood 1.05 × 10−5–3.15 × 10−5 vs. 1.43 × 10−5–7.25 × 10−5 s−1.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

2021

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“…The calorific value of RDF depends on the share of RDF components and can differ from 11 MJ•kg −1 [16] to 36 MJ•kg −1 [17]. From a calorific point of view, the most valuable materials are plastics such as PP and PE ~46 MJ•kg −1 , PS ~41 MJ•kg −1 , and PET ~26 MJ•kg −1 [18], whereas organic waste, paper, and fabrics lead to a decrease in RDF energetic potential [19]; however, this increases the renewable energy availability. Organic waste such as kitchen and food wastes are also the main source of moisture that further decreases the energetic potential of RDF [19].…”

Section: The Rdf Quality Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

2021

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The quantity of biodegradable plastics is increasing steadily and taking a larger share in the residual waste stream. As the calorific value of biodegradable plastic is almost two-fold lower than that of conventional ones, its increasing quantity decreases the overall calorific value of municipal solid waste and refuse-derived fuel which is used as feedstock for cement and incineration plants. For that reason, in this work, the torrefaction of biodegradable waste, polylactic acid (PLA), and paper was performed for carbonized solid fuel (CSF) production. In this work, we determined the process yields, fuel properties, process kinetics, theoretical energy, and mass balance. We show that the calorific value of PLA cannot be improved by torrefaction, and that the process cannot be self-sufficient, while the calorific value of paper can be improved up to 10% by the same process. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PLA decomposes in one stage at ~290–400 °C with a maximum peak at 367 °C, following a 0.42 reaction order with the activation energy of 160.05 kJ·(mol·K)−1.

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“…Another widespread method is chemical recycling of waste using pyrolysis by producing pyrolysis oil. Sources for this process can be waste tyres [ 10 ], plastic waste [ 11 ], municipal solid waste [ 12 ] or lignocellulosic biomass [ 13 , 14 ]. Last but not least, in this category is also hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Biofuels Based on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Applications in Gasoline Engines

et al. 2021

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The aim of the article is to determine the properties of fuel mixtures of Fischer–Tropsch naphtha fraction with traditional gasoline (petrol) to be able to integrate the production of advanced alternative fuel based on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis into existing fuel markets. The density, octane number, vapor pressure, cloud point, water content, sulphur content, refractive index, ASTM color, heat of combustion, and fuel composition were measured using the gas chromatography method PIONA. It was found that fuel properties of Fischer–Tropsch naphtha fraction is not much comparable to conventional gasoline (petrol) due to the high n-alkane content. This research work recommends the creation of a low-percentage mixture of 3 vol.% of FT naphtha fraction with traditional gasoline to minimize negative effects—similar to the current legislative limit of 5 vol.% of bioethanol in E5 gasoline. FT naphtha fraction as a biocomponent does not contain sulphur or polyaromatic hydrocarbons nor benzene. Waste materials can be processed by FT synthesis. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis can be considered a universal fuel—the naphtha fraction cut can be declared as a biocomponent for gasoline fuel without any further necessary catalytic upgrading.

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Lab-Scale Study of Temperature and Duration Effects on Carbonized Solid Fuels Properties Produced from Municipal Solid Waste Components

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

Medical Peat Waste Upcycling to Carbonized Solid Fuel in the Torrefaction Process

Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

Advanced Biofuels Based on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Applications in Gasoline Engines

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