Lab‐scale Wavelength Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer and Signal Processing Evaluation

Elemental concentration in renal stones by wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

“…All the data were analyzed using the Spectra plus software ( Quant Express ) package installed in WDXRF instrument. The technical details of this Spectra plus software can be found elsewhere 21–23 . This software is based on the FPA method, which automatically corrects all the matrix effects and other parameters like absorption coefficients and secondary fluorescence enhancement.…”

“…The technical details of this Spectra plus software can be found elsewhere. [21][22][23] This software is based on the FPA method, which automatically corrects all the matrix effects and other parameters like absorption coefficients and secondary fluorescence enhancement. In this advanced software, the elemental concentration is related to the intensity of spectral lines and determined using Sherman's equation 24 :…”

“…The advantage of this software is that it does not require any standard reference materials to check its reliability and reproducibility with respect to the given samples. The accuracy and precision of the standard-less semi-quantitative Spectra plus (Quant Express) with WDXRF spectrometer have already been established [21][22][23] for most of the samples, including biological samples, and results have been compared with the standard samples and found to be in good agreements. 21,22 In the present work, while analyzing data, the standard deviation (SD) was considered up to 5%.…”

“…The accuracy and precision of the standard-less semi-quantitative Spectra plus (Quant Express) with WDXRF spectrometer have already been established [21][22][23] for most of the samples, including biological samples, and results have been compared with the standard samples and found to be in good agreements. 21,22 In the present work, while analyzing data, the standard deviation (SD) was considered up to 5%. The lower limit of detection (LLD) was calculated by using the equation LLD…”

A review of laboratory, commercially available, and facility based wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers

“…The reported detection limits were 4.55 and 0.91 ppm for the Ag K α and L α lines, 3.76 and 1.12 ppm for the Cd lines and 2.28 and 0.44 ppm for the Sn lines. In a more recent update of their work, Kainth et al 37 furthermore qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed various biological reference samples, such as coal ash and leaves from apple, tomato, peach and spinach and determined detection limits and calibration curves for Al-K α , K-K α , Fe-K α , Co-K α , Ni-K α , Cu-K α , Zn-K α , As-K α , Se-K α , Hg-L α , Pb-L α and U-L α . Furthermore they demonstrated the possibility to analyze the energy shift spectra of K α1 and K α2 emission lines 38 and the possibility to analyze the structure of the L α and L β lines and their satellite peaks 39 in Sr compounds.…”