Label-free cytokine micro- and nano-biosensing towards personalized medicine of systemic inflammatory disorders

Abstract

Systemic inflammatory disorders resulting from infection, trauma, surgery, and severe disease conditions pose serious threats to human health leading to organ dysfunction, organ failure, and mortality. The highly complex and dynamic nature of the immune system experiencing acute inflammation makes immunomodulatory therapy blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines very challenging. Successful therapy requires the ability to determine appropriate anti-cytokine drugs to be delivered at a right dose in a timely manner. Label-free micro- and nano-biosensors hold the potential to overcome the current challenges, enabling cytokine-targeted treatments to be tailored according to the immune status of an individual host with their unique cytokine biomarker detection capabilities. This review studies the recent progress in label-free cytokine biosensors, summarizes their performances and potential merits, and discusses future directions for their advancements to meet challenges towards personalized anti-cytokine drug delivery.

Advances in Proteomic Techniques for Cytokine Analysis: Focus on Melanoma Research

“…Ultrasensitive methods are proposed to improve sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity and minimize the sample matrix effects together with minimizing the sample volumes. In addition to traditional colorimetric, chemiluminescent and fluorescent detection, the emerging technologies rely on electrochemical, optical [ 143 ], mechanical or surface plasmon resonance [ 144 ] biosensing, reviewed in [ 74 , 142 , 145 , 146 , 147 ]. Developments in nanotechnologies enable construction of microfluidic devices and biochips [ 74 ].…”

“…Due to the large variety of emerging technologies for cytokine biosensing, it is out of the scope of this review to provide global information on all of them. Several reviews have been published in the last 3 years, where the more detailed information on biosensing can be found [ 59 , 74 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”

Multiplexed Nanoplasmonic Temporal Profiling of T-Cell Response under Immunomodulatory Agent Exposure

“…15 Measurements of LSPR image-intensity shifts resulting from analyte binding to the AuNR particle sensor surfaces allow for label-free, nanoplasmonic optical measurements of target biomolecules. 16 According to our previous study, 12 this immunoassay exhibits highly advantageous features, such as a short sampling-to-answer time (∼30 min), which is the time required for the whole process involving analyte sample loading, incubation, and washing, a large dynamic range (∼10–10 000 pg/mL), a low operating sample volume (∼1 μL), and multiplexed analysis capability.…”

Point-of-care-ready nanoscale ISFET arrays for sub-picomolar detection of cytokines in cell cultures

“…Due to highly dynamic and heterogeneous secretion profiles in different tissues, precise monitoring of cytokine during a disease progression and treatment pose a real challenge. Generally, labelling-based methods are performed for qualitative tissue analysis while enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are employed for quantitative analysis [1,7]. Though high sensitivity and multiplexing ability, ELIspot and ELISA are not suitable for rapid immune status monitoring and generally require several days before completion [1,7,8].…”