Label-free sensing of ultralow-weight molecules with all-dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum

Romano, Silvia; Zito, Gianluigi; Torino, Stefania; Calafiore, Giuseppe Carlo; Penzo, Erika; Coppola, Giuseppe; Cabrini, Stefano; Rendina, Ivo; Mocella, Vito

doi:10.1364/prj.6.000726

Cited by 271 publications

(164 citation statements)

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“…Finally, we demonstrate that the intersection between a line of BICs and line of leaky resonance can yield exceptional points connected by a bulk Fermi arc. The ability to design the environment of a system opens up a broad range of experimental possibilities for realizing BICs in three-dimensional geometries, such as in 3D-printed structures and the planar grain boundaries of self-assembled systems.Bound states in the continuum (BICs), which are radiation-less states in an open system whose frequency resides within the band of radiative channels, have recently attracted a great deal of interest for their applications in producing vector beams from surface emitting lasers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and enhancing the resolution of certain classes of sensors [9][10][11]. Originally proposed in 1929 in a quantum mechanical context [12], BICs have now been found in a broad range of physical systems, such as photonic crystal slabs [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], waveguide arrays [26-28], strongly coupled plasmonic-photonic systems [29], metasurfaces [30] acoustics [31][32][33][34][35][36], and water waves [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

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confidence: 99%

Bound States in the Continuum through Environmental Design

2019

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We propose a new paradigm for realizing bound states in the continuum (BICs) by engineering the environment of a system to control the number of available radiation channels. Using this method, we demonstrate that a photonic crystal slab embedded in a photonic crystal environment can exhibit both isolated points and lines of BICs in different regions of its Brillouin zone. Finally, we demonstrate that the intersection between a line of BICs and line of leaky resonance can yield exceptional points connected by a bulk Fermi arc. The ability to design the environment of a system opens up a broad range of experimental possibilities for realizing BICs in three-dimensional geometries, such as in 3D-printed structures and the planar grain boundaries of self-assembled systems.Bound states in the continuum (BICs), which are radiation-less states in an open system whose frequency resides within the band of radiative channels, have recently attracted a great deal of interest for their applications in producing vector beams from surface emitting lasers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and enhancing the resolution of certain classes of sensors [9][10][11]. Originally proposed in 1929 in a quantum mechanical context [12], BICs have now been found in a broad range of physical systems, such as photonic crystal slabs [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], waveguide arrays [26-28], strongly coupled plasmonic-photonic systems [29], metasurfaces [30] acoustics [31][32][33][34][35][36], and water waves [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Additionally, lines of BICs were recently found in composite birefringent structures [43,44]. In principle, BICs can be classified into three main categories [45]: those which are engineered using an inverse construction method, those which are protected by symmetry or separability, and those which can be found 'accidentally' through tuning a system's parameters. In practice however, systems supporting BICs from the first category are difficult to experimentally realize due to the high degree of fine-tuning required. Thus, much of the current excitement surrounding BICs has focused on systems which feature symmetry-protected and accidental BICs; moreover, these BICs have been shown to possess topological protection that guarantees their existence under perturbations to the system [20,[46][47][48][49][50].Traditionally, the appearance of accidental BICs is understood in terms of modal interference [22,45,51], with two or more resonances of the device destructively interfering in the system's radiation channels and resulting in a bound mode spatially localized to the device. This interpretation emphasizes how tuning the device's parameters changes the spatial profile of its resonances to realize this modal interference, while considering the available radiation channels in the surrounding environment as fixed. This is because most previously studied * awc19@psu.edu systems with accidental BICs consider devices embedded in free space, where the outgoing propagating channels cannot be readily altered. Howev...

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confidence: 99%

Bound States in the Continuum through Environmental Design

2019

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“…Moreover, our nanohole array also compares favourably to related structures, such as the recently introduced structures based on bound states in the continuum (BIC) (Q = 90 and S s ~ 40 [9]. A higher value of SQ has been obtained in [31] with a dielectric nanohole array exploiting the BIC modes. However, we note that our nanohole array provides a signi cant enhancement of the SNR for both modes, which plays an important role in the optimization of the imaging and sensing resolution, as described in detail below.…”

Section: Sensingmentioning

confidence: 60%

Dielectric Nanohole Array Metasurface For High-Resolution Near-Field Sensing and Imaging

Conteduca

Barth

Pitruzzello

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dielectric metasurfaces support resonances that are widely explored both for far-field wavefront shaping and for near-field sensing and imaging. Their design explores the interplay between localised Mie resonances and extended Bragg resonances, with a typical trade-off between Q-factor and light localisation; high Q-factors are desirable for refractive index sensing while localisation is desirable for imaging resolution. Here, we show that a dielectric metasurface consisting of a nanohole array in amorphous silicon provides a favourable trade-off between these requirements. We have designed and realised the metasurface to support two optical modes both with sharp Fano resonances that exhibit relatively high Q factors and strong spatial confinement, thereby concurrently optimizing the device for both imaging and biochemical sensing. For the sensing application, we demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1pg/ml for Immunoglobulin G (IgG); for resonant imaging, we demonstrate a spatial resolution below 1µm and clearly resolve individual E.coli bacteria. The combined low LOD and high spatial resolution opens new opportunities for extending cellular studies into the realm of microbiology, e.g. for studying antimicrobial susceptibility.

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“…The temperature sensitivity was measured to be S T ≈ 77 pm K −1 , which shows great agreement with the simulation result. The corresponding detection limit (DL) [ 8 ] was measured to be DL = λ /|10 Q·S T | ≈ 0.4 °C.…”

Section: Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐Waveguide‐Integrated High‐Quality Metagrating Supporting Bound State in the Continuum

Shi

2020

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The photonic bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a spatially bounded eigen state that can be realized in the form of a supercavity mode with an ultrahigh quality factor. The high‐quality supercavity resonance can be supported by photonic crystal slabs, asymmetric metasurfaces, and high‐contrast gratings. However, these schemes all suffer from bulky device size and complex experimental setup. Herein, a silicon‐waveguide‐integrated high‐quality metagrating is proposed and demonstrated as a new platform to manipulate the supercavity mode. The shallow‐ridge metagrating is directly embedded in the silicon slab waveguide, so the input slab mode can be coupled into the resonant ridge mode, which can be further transformed into the supercavity mode by utilizing the intra‐waveguide Fabry–Perot interference. Such an effect has been experimentally verified by the fabricated devices. The metagrating operating near the supercavity regime is also experimentally realized with a high quality factor ≈5200. As an application, such high‐quality metagrating is exploited to realize the temperature sensing with a high temperature sensitivity ≈77 pm K−1. The proposed integrated metagrating provides a novel approach to harness the BIC, paving ways for a new class of BIC‐based nanophotonic devices with high performance, chip‐scale footprint, and long‐term stability.

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Label-free sensing of ultralow-weight molecules with all-dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum

Cited by 271 publications

References 44 publications

Bound States in the Continuum through Environmental Design

Bound States in the Continuum through Environmental Design

Dielectric Nanohole Array Metasurface For High-Resolution Near-Field Sensing and Imaging

Silicon‐Waveguide‐Integrated High‐Quality Metagrating Supporting Bound State in the Continuum

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