Labor Market Gender Inequality in Minority Groups

Almquist, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1177/089124387001004004

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…According to Ornstein (1983), the return on experience and education tends to be better in the public sector, which would explain our results. Contrary to the findings of Almquist (1987), the public sector is not more favorable to women than to men. Male and female managers simply do not benefit in the same way from their employment in the public sector.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Managerial career success in Canadian organizations: is gender a determinant?

Chênevert¹,

Tremblay²

2002

The International Journal of Human Resource Management

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…However, the public sector may reduce some of the effects of workplace discrimination (Almquist, 1987). In fact, we need only consider the rigorous collective agreements governing the public sector, which give a certain amount of protection to minority groups.…”

Section: Hypotheses and Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managerial career success in Canadian organizations: is gender a determinant?

Chênevert¹,

Tremblay²

2002

The International Journal of Human Resource Management

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“…In more developed societies, and in the elite sectors of developing societies, women's representation in professional and managerial positions is an apt indicator of their overall status (Almquist 1987;Poston, Almquist & Shu 1987). In India, where the predominant source of employment is agriculture (Ambewadikar 1986), managerial and professional employment opportunities are limited.…”

Section: Methodology: Measuring Gender Inequality In the Scheduled Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then minority women's share (unadjusted) of each category is calculated (Table 3). Following Almquist (1987), the variables are then adjusted in order to provide a more accurate indication of the extent of gender inequality in the scheduled groups (Table 3). Adjusted share variables are calculated by subtracting women's share of the total force (or other relevant category) 4 from the unadjusted share variable.…”

Section: Findings: Gender Inequality In Education and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender inequality in education and employment in the scheduled castes and tribes of India

Dunn

1993

Popul Res Policy Rev

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Abstract:The complex stratification systems in India give rise to a multiplicity of social categories which often obscure the relative status of women and men within the more disadvantaged segments of the population. The focus of this study is on the situation of women in scheduled castes and tribes -groups which are referred to as "weaker sections of people' and granted special safeguards and concessions under the Indian constitution. Women in these underprivileged groups are doubly disadvantaged: their minority group status interacts with India's patriarchal culture to produce deplorable living conditions. Drawing from both ethnographic and statistical sources, the paper presents a descriptive profile of scheduled caste and tribe women's status in Indian society. Using Indian Census data, the study documents extreme degrees of gender inequality among the scheduled groups. Findings indicate that relative to men, women in these groups have far more limited access to both educational and employment resources. This research also suggests that socioeconomic development serves to reduce the disadvantage of scheduled group women relative to men. Among the scheduled groups considered to be more developed according to standard indicators, findings indicate less gender inequality in education and employment.

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“…Almquist (1987) reports that as compared with Cubans, Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans, gender inequality in managerial and professional positions is relatively low among blacks, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and Puerto Ricans.…”

Section: Bureau Of Census 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, ethnicity, and the gender poverty gap

Elmelech¹,

Lu²

2004

Social Science Research

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We use data from the Current Population Survey (CPS 1994(CPS −2001 to document the relationship between gender-specific demographic variations and the gender-poverty gap among eight racial/ethnic groups. We find that Black and Puerto Rican women experience a double disadvantage owing to being both women and members of a minority group. As compared with whites, however, gender inequality among other minority groups is relatively small. By utilizing a standardization technique, we are able to estimate the importance of gender-specific demographic and socioeconomic composition in shaping differences in men's and women's poverty rates both within and across racial/ethnic lines. The analysis reveals that sociodemographic characteristics have a distinct effect on the poverty rate of minority women, and that the form and the magnitude of the effect vary across racial/ethnic lines. By incorporating the newly available immigration information in the CPS data, we are also able to document the effect of immigration status on gender inequality. The social and economic implications of the findings for the study of gender inequality are discussed in the last section of the article.Key words: poverty; gender inequality; race and ethnicity; feminization of poverty. 1 Since the late 1970s, the "feminization of poverty" (Pearce 1978), a term referring to a process whereby the poverty population increasingly comprises women and their children, has been receiving growing attention among social scientists (Bianchi 1999). While there is virtual unanimity that American women are more likely than men to fall into poverty, aggregate figures pertaining to the gender gap in poverty mask critical racial and ethnic variations; this is true with respect not only to the magnitude of the gap but also the social and demographic determinants that shape it. Indeed, the "feminization of poverty" thesis was criticized for its failure to recognize that minority women are disproportionately represented among the poor. In the early 1980s, Palmer (1983: 4−5) introduced the phrase "racial feminization of poverty" to reflect the fact that minority women are at greater risk of falling into poverty than either minority men or white women. Recent data on poverty rates in the United States indicate that black, Native American, and Hispanic women are disproportionately represented among the poor, and several studies have pointed to a need to study the distinct patterns and origins of women's poverty across both racial and ethnic lines (Hardy and Hazelrigg 1995;Starrels, Bould, Nicholas 1994;Waters and Eschbach 1995).A second line of critique of the feminization of poverty thesis focuses on the measurement and interpretation of gender disparity in poverty. "From the beginning what the term 'feminization' meant and to whom it referred were not always clear [and] …statistics cited to support the feminization of poverty tended to blur these distinctions" (Bianchi 1999: 309). In the essay, "The Perils of Provocative Statistics," Scanlan (1991) drew on...

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Labor Market Gender Inequality in Minority Groups

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Managerial career success in Canadian organizations: is gender a determinant?

Managerial career success in Canadian organizations: is gender a determinant?

Gender inequality in education and employment in the scheduled castes and tribes of India

Race, ethnicity, and the gender poverty gap

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