Labor migration, externalities and ethics: Theorizing the meso-level determinants of HIV vulnerability

Hirsch, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.021

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The economic notion of externalities renders this visible(Hirsch 2014). The classic example of an externality is the pollution generated in the production of some item, the cost of which is borne by the surrounding community (either in terms of remediation or in terms of adverse health impacts)(Roberts, Mensah, and Weinstein 2010).…”

Section: Remembering Agency While Attending To Structure: the Genderementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Talking about externalities, however, says nothing about the consumer side, about demand for particular kinds of products or price elasticities. Indeed, in most work on externalities, the consuming public is configured as the object of externalities, rather than the agent of them(Hirsch 2014). A comprehensive political economic analysis should include consideration of how consumption practices shape sexuality and vulnerability to HIV.…”

Section: Remembering Agency While Attending To Structure: the Genderementioning

confidence: 99%

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Desire across borders: markets, migration, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico

Hirsch

2014

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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This paper presents five concepts that articulate specific processes through which political and economic factors shape sexuality, drawing on ethnographic research on changing notions of marriage, love, and sexuality conducted in migrant-exporting rural Mexico and with Mexican migrants in Atlanta and New York. The first section describes how changing beliefs about love, marriage, sexual intimacy and fidelity constitute a cultural terrain which facilitates ‘vaginal marital bare backing’ in rural Mexico. The paper details sexual opportunity structures; sexual geographies; the multi-sectoral production of risk (including the ways in which housing, transportation, and other policy sectors together create the ‘recreation-deserts’ in which many migrants live); sexual projects, and externalities as conceptual tools that articulate how political and economic factors from the meso- to the macro-level shape sexuality.

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Section: Remembering Agency While Attending To Structure: the Genderementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Remembering Agency While Attending To Structure: the Genderementioning

confidence: 99%

Desire across borders: markets, migration, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico

Hirsch

2014

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…Women are known to be half of the world's migrants and also half of those living with HIV and AIDS [12,20] and labour migration and other forms of mobility have been associated with increased risk to HIV infection [55,56]. However, most of the female migrant workers are from the rural mountainous areas of Lesotho.…”

Section: Hiv/aids -Contemporary Challenges 154mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altman [19] and Hirsch [20] highlighted that globalisation has an impact on all aspects of life including sexuality. Sexuality is afected by globalisation in a number of interconnected ways and therefore increases inequalities, acting both as a liberator and an oppressive inluence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Globalization, HIV and AIDS and Gender Dimensions in the Lesotho Textiles and Garment Industry

Tanga¹,

Bello²,

Makatjane³

et al. 2017

HIV/AIDS - Contemporary Challenges

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The Kingdom of Lesotho is also experiencing the third highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rate (23.2%) in the world, which poses an internal threat both to the industry and to the workers. The objective of this chapter was to examine workers' economic opportunities, the interplay of HIV and AIDS as well as threats to economic opportunities provided by the industry. This chapter is based on data collected for a study on the economic crisis, globalization and HIV and AIDS nexus in the textiles and garment industry in Lesotho. Data for this chapter were generated from two of the three instruments of the main study using a multistage sampling technique. Data collected were analysed quantitatively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The result shows that despite the economic crisis, the textiles and garment industry has enhanced the employment of many Basotho (people from Lesotho), especially women. Although workers were economically empowered, HIV and AIDS and the global economic crisis were threats to the industry and workers alike. There is signiicant rural-urban migration to the industry with almost half of the workers staying away from their traditional family homes.

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“…In urban areas migrants are exposed to sexual networks having different levels of HIV prevalence and different probabilities of exposure to the pandemic (Hirsch 2014; Hunter 2010). Studies have indicated that the disruption of social networks upon migration might heighten risky behaviour, owing to both diminished supervision and censure and to equally diminished social networks in their new environment, which result in isolation and loneliness (Greif & Dodoo 2011; Hunter 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between economic empowerment and sexual behaviour and practices of migrant workers within the context of HIV and AIDS in the Lesotho textile industry

Tanga

Tangwe

2014

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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Economic empowerment brings with it a wide range of consequences, both positive and negative. The objective of this paper was to examine the relationship between economic empowerment and the sexual behaviour and practices of migrant workers within the context of HIV and AIDS in the Lesotho textile industry. Data for this paper were extracted from the findings of a larger study which had been conducted concerning HIV and AIDS in the textile industry in Lesotho. Using in-depth interviews, data were collected from 40 participants who were purposively selected from five factories which had been chosen randomly. Empowerment theory was used as a lens to provide meanings for the experiences of the participants. The findings show that the participants were empowered only in certain respects in terms of Kabeer's empowerment model of ‘power to’ and ‘power within’, on one hand, and in terms of Malhotra's comprehensive empowerment framework at the household level, on the other, as being employed in the industry enabled them to participate in the economy. Employment in the sector provided the participants with the means to be able to acquire basic needs and the ability to participate in household decision-making: for the female participants, the ability to make independent sexual decisions was also enhanced. These improvements were greeted enthusiastically, particularly by the female participants, given their previously disadvantaged status as a result of coming from rural patriarchal villages with gender-defined hegemonic notions of respectability. The findings also indicate that environmental factors and others, such as meagre salaries, encouraged some of the female workers to engage in transactional sex, while some of the male participants tended to increase their sexual relationships as a result of acquiring employment and income from the industry. It is the contention of the authors of this study that true empowerment requires both vital resources and individual and collective participation, particularly for the women, who are more vulnerable than men. Finally, we conclude that the opportunities provided by economic empowerment have given the participants a new social meaning for their situation and an awareness about their place in power relations.

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Labor migration, externalities and ethics: Theorizing the meso-level determinants of HIV vulnerability

Cited by 35 publications

References 83 publications

Desire across borders: markets, migration, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico

Desire across borders: markets, migration, and marital HIV risk in rural Mexico

Economic Globalization, HIV and AIDS and Gender Dimensions in the Lesotho Textiles and Garment Industry

Interplay between economic empowerment and sexual behaviour and practices of migrant workers within the context of HIV and AIDS in the Lesotho textile industry

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