Labor Off-Farm Employment and Cropland Abandonment in Rural China: Spatial Distribution and Empirical Analysis

Deng, Xin; Xu, Dingde; Qi, Yue; Zeng, Miao

doi:10.3390/ijerph15091808

Cited by 59 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Combined with the data characteristics of CLDS2014, abandoned farmland is defined as farmland that did not receive any input in 2013 [1,11,13,35,72]. Thus, in this study, the dependent variable is Farmland abandonment, which is defined as the ratio of abandoned farmland area to total farmland area (%), and is calculated as follow Equation (1):…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Power of Agricultural Credit in Farmland Abandonment: Evidence from Rural China

Zeng

Xie

et al. 2019

Land

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Labor, land, and funds are keys to revitalizing rural areas around the world. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of funds on agricultural production, but placed little emphasis on its role in agricultural land-use transformation. Thus, this study explores the quantitative relationship between agricultural credit and farmland abandonment from the perspective of rural revitalization. Using data on 8031 households from 27 provinces obtained from China’s Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study uses a Tobit model to examine the quantitative impacts of informal and formal agricultural credit on farmland abandonment. The results indicate that: (1) Access to agricultural credit helps to reduce farmland abandonment. (2) Compared with formal agricultural credit (provided by institutions), informal agricultural credit (provided by family and friends) is more significant in reducing farmland abandonment. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of the relationship between agricultural credit and farmland use. It will also prompt policymakers to improve rural financial markets in order to reduce the misallocation of farmland resources, thereby improving food security and rural economies.

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Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Power of Agricultural Credit in Farmland Abandonment: Evidence from Rural China

Zeng

Xie

et al. 2019

Land

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“…On the basis of this possibility, the present study used type IV Tobit models to re-estimate the models. The selection of the instrumental variables was based on the methodology described by [6,8,16,17,56,57], and the average land management scale of other rural households in the same village (other than this rural household) was taken as the land management scale of this rural household to obtain the instrumental variables.…”

Section: Robustness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, moderate land scale management has a long way to go [14,15]. Because of massive labor migration, many hilly rural areas lack a labor force, leading to considerable land abandonment [16,17].Rural households are micro-organizational systems composed of different family members, and the decision-making behaviors of these households are deeply influenced by the characteristics of family resource endowments [18][19][20][21][22]. Affected by special labor migration characteristics and land-use patterns, the livelihood capital portfolio and livelihood strategy selection of rural households show different characteristics [23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Land Management Scale and Livelihood Strategy Selection of Rural Households in China from the Perspective of Family Life Cycle

Deng

et al. 2020

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Rural households are micro-organizational systems that are composed of different family members. Against a background of fragmented land patterns and massive labor migration in China, it is of great significance for the sustainable development of regional economies to explore the optimal selection of livelihood strategies by rural households. Using a survey containing data from 8031 rural households from 27 provinces in China, this study analyzed the characteristics and spatial distribution trends of the land management scale, family life cycle, and livelihood strategy selection of rural households, and constructed Tobit econometric models to explore the correlations among these factors. The results show: (1) Rural households’ land management scale was primarily small-scale and, as it expanded, the proportion of the total cash income coming from agricultural activities increased. A relative majority of rural households were in the middle period of the family life cycle, and relatively few rural households were in the starting and empty nest periods. The proportion of the total cash income of rural households coming from agricultural pursuits while in the stable and the empty nest periods was relatively large, reaching 40.51% and 38.92%, respectively. In most provinces sampled, rural households’ livelihood strategies were non-agriculturally based, and the land management scale was mainly less than 0.67 ha. (2) Rural households’ land management scale positively correlated with their livelihood strategy selection. When other conditions remained unchanged, with every 1 ha increase in land management scale, the proportion of agricultural cash income in total family cash income increased, on average, by 3.7%. In comparison with rural households in the empty nest period, the proportions of agricultural cash income in the total family cash income of rural households in other family life cycles were relatively small. Specifically, for rural households in the starting, rearing, burden, stable, and maintenance periods, the proportion of agricultural cash income in the total family cash income decreased, on average, by 6.8%, 6.7%, 9.2%, 3.5%, and 16.3%, respectively.

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“…Positive impacts of the reforms have been generally identified (Xie, Gong, Han, & Wen, 2014;Xu, Sun, Jiang, & Li, 2008), and forestry resources' growth, regional economic development, and forest investment have been encouraged with the implementation of these reforms (He, Dong, & Stark, 2014;Liu & Yao, 2011;Xie, Berck, & Xu, 2016;Xu, 2010;Yin et al, 2013). Meanwhile, during the process of the accelerated development of industrialization and urbanization, it has been an inevitable trend that China's rural laborers are quickly moving to the off-farm sectors (Deng, Xu, Qi, & Zeng, 2018;Ma, Chen, Che, & Fang, 2019;Willmore, Cao, & Xin, 2012). In 2017, about 286 million farmers engaged in off-farm work (an increase of 1.7% compared to 2016) and the number of female off-farm workers accounted for 34.4% of the total (NBSC, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor off‐farm employment and household forest management investment in Jiangxi, China: A perspective from gender influence of rural labor

Xie

Kang

et al. 2019

Natural Resource Modeling

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That numerous rural laborers migrate to urban areas to find off-farm jobs has become an outstanding economic phenomenon in China. To examine the impact of rural labor off-farm employment on household forest management, we built binary logistic models and Tobit models by applying a sample survey data of 500 households in rural Jiangxi in 2018. Households' participation and investment in forest management were measured by their labor and cash input. The results indicated that more off-farm laborers in household would hold back their participation in cash input. In contrast, a higher rate of female off-farm employment encouraged household monetary input. And households with more female agricultural laborers were more likely to participate in labor input. Neither off-farm employment nor female offfarm employment significantly influences households' labor input. Off-farm employment of the householder negatively influenced labor and cash input. Policy factors, such as obtaining forestry subsidies and forestry

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Labor Off-Farm Employment and Cropland Abandonment in Rural China: Spatial Distribution and Empirical Analysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 51 publications

Power of Agricultural Credit in Farmland Abandonment: Evidence from Rural China

Power of Agricultural Credit in Farmland Abandonment: Evidence from Rural China

Relationships between Land Management Scale and Livelihood Strategy Selection of Rural Households in China from the Perspective of Family Life Cycle

Labor off‐farm employment and household forest management investment in Jiangxi, China: A perspective from gender influence of rural labor

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