Laboratory-Acquired Infections

Sulkin, S. Edward

doi:10.1128/mmbr.25.3.203-209.1961

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, it is believed that aerosols are the probable source of many LAIs (9) and according to Collins and Kennedy (6), ideal conditions exist in laboratories for the spread of infection by airborne particles. Infections by airborne route have occurred in the laboratory with organisms not normally transmitted by aerosols in nature (10)(11)(12). This is due to increased pathogen concentration and aerosolization (during laboratory procedures) not seen in nature.…”

Section: Laboratory-associated Infections (Lai) and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry cell sorter biosafety standards

Holmes

Fontes

Hogarth³

et al. 2014

Cytometry Pt A

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Flow cytometric cell sorting of biological specimens has become prevalent in basic and clinical research laboratories. These specimens may contain known or unknown infectious agents, necessitating precautions to protect instrument operators and the environment from biohazards arising from the use of sorters. To this end the International Society of Analytical Cytology (ISAC) was proactive in establishing biosafety guidelines in 1997 (Schmid et al., Cytometry 1997;28:99–117) and subsequently published revised biosafety standards for cell sorting of unfixed samples in 2007 (Schmid et al., Cytometry Part A J Int Soc Anal Cytol 2007;71A:414–437). Since their publication, these documents have become recognized worldwide as the standard of practice and safety precautions for laboratories performing cell sorting experiments. However, the field of cytometry has progressed since 2007, and the document requires an update. The new Standards provides guidance: (1) for laboratory design for cell sorter laboratories; (2) for the creation of laboratory or instrument specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOP); and (3) on procedures for the safe operation of cell sorters, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and validation of aerosol containment.

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Section: Laboratory-associated Infections (Lai) and Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry cell sorter biosafety standards

Holmes

Fontes

Hogarth³

et al. 2014

Cytometry Pt A

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“…In the US, VEEV subtypes IAB and IC are regulated under the HHS/USDA Select Agent program due to the severe threat posed to human and animal health, especially in the absence of FDA-licensed human vaccines and therapeutics [12]. Due to the minimum infectious aerosol dose required for infection, VEEV also has a long history of being implicated in laboratory acquired infections [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Safety and Genetic Stability in Mice of a Novel DNA-Launched Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Vaccine with Rearranged Structural Genes

et al. 2020

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The safety and genetic stability of V4020, a novel Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV) vaccine based on the investigational VEEV TC-83 strain, was evaluated in mice. V4020 was generated from infectious DNA, contains a stabilizing mutation in the E2-120 glycoprotein, and includes rearrangement of structural genes. After intracranial inoculation (IC), replication of V4020 was more attenuated than TC-83, as documented by low clinical scores, inflammation, viral load in brain, and earlier viral clearance. During the first 9 days post-inoculation (DPI), genes involved in inflammation, cytokine signaling, adaptive immune responses, and apoptosis were upregulated in both groups. However, the magnitude of upregulation was greater in TC-83 than V4020 mice, and this pattern persisted till 13 DPI, while V4020 gene expression profiles declined to mock-infected levels. In addition, genetic markers of macrophages, DCs, and microglia were strongly upregulated in TC-83 mice. During five serial passages in the brain, less severe clinical manifestations and a lower viral load were observed in V4020 mice and all animals survived. In contrast, 13.3% of mice met euthanasia criteria during the passages in TC-83 group. At 2 DPI, RNA-Seq analysis of brain tissues revealed that V4020 mice had lower rates of mutations throughout five passages. A higher synonymous mutation ratio was observed in the nsP4 (RdRP) gene of TC-83 compared to V4020 mice. At 2 DPI, both viruses induced different expression profiles of host genes involved in neuro-regeneration. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the improved safety and genetic stability of the experimental V4020 VEEV vaccine in a murine model.

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“…Laboratory workers who encounter or handle cultures of these organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, SARS virus, influenza virus and Hantavirus etc are at high risk for disease if exposed. It may be assumed that most laboratory infections which do not result from poor technique or accidents are generally connected with inhalation of infectious material [4]. The early reviews recognized that the primary route of transmission of many of the causative agents was by aerosol, and they led to the development of laminar-flow biological safety cabinets [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Penetration of High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter of Biological Safety Cabinet in microbiological Laboratory

Wei¹

2012

Biosafety

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Objective: Biological Safety Cabinets are the primary containment device used to protect the worker, environment and product from exposure to infectious agents within the laboratory. Spores of Bacillus subtilis are used as tracer agents to test Class II biological safety cabinets in NSF/ANSI Standard 49 and others. However, none of these standards characterizes the viral challenge tests. Methods: One model bacterium and two different phages were selected to challenge two new Class II biological safety cabinets strictly conforming to the NSF/ANSI Standard 49 requirements. Results: The two tested biological safety cabinets met the requirements of personnel, product, and crosscontamination protection test no matter which agent was used to challenge the system. However, the high efficiency particulate air filter leak testing results indicated that viral aerosol might penetrate through filter while bacterial could not. Conclusions: The penetration ability of viral aerosol through HEPA filter might be superior to bacterial. This viral testing method might be a potential way used for the exhaust HEPA filter leak certification due to being able to reflect the containment performance of biological safety cabinet truly and intuitionally.

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Laboratory-Acquired Infections

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry cell sorter biosafety standards

International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry cell sorter biosafety standards

Advanced Safety and Genetic Stability in Mice of a Novel DNA-Launched Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Vaccine with Rearranged Structural Genes

Viral Penetration of High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter of Biological Safety Cabinet in microbiological Laboratory

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