Laboratory and Field Test of the Functional Significance of the Male's Dewlap in the Lizard Anolis sagrei

Tokarz, Richard R.; Paterson, Ann V.; McMann, Stephen

doi:10.1643/00-170

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Henningsen & Irschick, 2012). However, previous experimental reductions of anole dewlap size (Henningsen & Irschick, 2012) or use (Tokarz, Paterson, & McMann, 2003) did not change the dominance outcomes of paired encounters.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 68%

How do lizards determine dominance? Applying ranking algorithms to animal social behaviour

et al. 2016

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Dominance relationships are a defining feature of the social organization of many animal species. Populations structured by absolute dominance usually maintain a generally linear hierarchy, while relative dominance occurs, for example, within territorial populations where an animal is likely to be dominant within its territory. Because relative dominance is dependent on social context, the traits associated with it are often unclear. Green anole lizards, Anolis carolinensis, are an ideal system in which to determine dominance-related traits, as anoles use territorial defence in most natural environments, but establish a dominance hierarchy at high densities such as those that occur in captivity. We hypothesized that anoles use similar morphological and behavioural traits to determine social status under both forms of social organization. To test this, we studied a natural population of anoles to determine the traits most predictive of male territory size and quality (as measured by the number of females overlapping a male's territory). While these measures of territory may be related, they measure different components of territorial success. We then used mathematical ranking algorithms to quantify dominance in a tournament of paired arena trials, and identified traits associated with rank. Our results showed that lizards with wider heads had higher social rank, while those with longer heads were more successful at territorial defence. We also found that, independently of morphology, lizards who behaved more aggressively ranked higher in dominance trials, although behaviour did not predict measures of territory. Together, our results indicate that different traits may determine absolute and relative dominance in the green anole.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 68%

How do lizards determine dominance? Applying ranking algorithms to animal social behaviour

et al. 2016

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“…These include body size (e.g., Edsman, 1989;Wikelski and Trillmich, 1997), relative head size (e.g., López and Martín, 2002;Huyghe et al, 2005), testosterone levels (e.g., Tokarz, 1995;Husak et al, 2007), sprint speed (e.g., Perry et al, 2004;Husak et al, 2006), biting force (Huyghe et al, 2005;Husak et al, 2006) and calling frequency (Hibbitts et al, 2007), although results differ depending on the species considered. Males can often judge their opponents' fighting capacity from morphological attributes, such as dewlap size (Tokarz et al, 2003) and coloration (e.g., Thompson and Moore, 1991;Olsson, 1994) or behavioral displays (e.g., Lappin et al, 2006). Recently, a number of studies provided convincing evidence that chemical cues in femoral excretions deposited on the substrate may also provide males with important information on the dominance status of contending males (e.g., López et al, 2002b;Martín and López, 2007;Moreira et al, 2006;Carazo et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female lizards ignore the sweet scent of success: Male characteristics implicated in female mate preference

Huyghe

Vanhooydonck

Herrel³

et al. 2012

Zoology

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“…Second, body size, locomotor performance, bite force, and agonistic behavioral displays are all known to influence the outcome of social interactions that determine territory acquisition in A. sagrei and related anoles (Tokarz 1985;Jenssen et al 1995;Lailvaux et al 2004;Perry et al 2004). Hence, many of these traits are probably subject to sexual selection (but see Tokarz 2002;Tokarz et al 2003Tokarz et al , 2005. Finally, traits such as body size, immune function, stamina, and sprint speed are also subject to natural selection arising from differential survival (Calsbeek and Irschick 2007;Calsbeek 2008;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating Testosterone to Assess Links between Behavior, Morphology, and Performance in the Brown Anole Anolis sagrei

Cox

Stenquist²,

Henningsen³

et al. 2009

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Survival and reproductive success are determined by the complex interplay between behavior, physiology, morphology, and performance. When optimal trait combinations along these various phenotypic axes differ between sexes or across seasons, regulatory mechanisms such as sex steroids can often facilitate sex-specific and/or seasonal trait expression. In this study, we used surgical castration and replacement of exogenous testosterone in adult male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) to simultaneously examine the effects of testosterone on a suite of morphological (dewlap area, body size), physiological (immune function), behavioral (dewlap, head bob, and push-up displays), and performance (stamina, sprint speed, bite force) traits. We show that testosterone increases (or castration reduces) growth rate, dewlap area, and bite force. Treatment effects on bite force may simply reflect underlying treatment differences in growth combined with allometry of bite force. Other traits, such as stamina, sprint speed, and rate of behavioral displays, were largely independent of circulating testosterone levels. Although we did not observe significant treatment effects on immune function, we found negative correlations between growth and immune function consistent with the hypothesis that testosterone mediates trade-offs between these competing aspects of energy allocation. Overall, our results demonstrate that testosterone can exert pleiotropic effects on a variety of morphological, physiological, behavioral, and performance traits that are known to influence survival and reproductive success.

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Laboratory and Field Test of the Functional Significance of the Male's Dewlap in the Lizard Anolis sagrei

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

How do lizards determine dominance? Applying ranking algorithms to animal social behaviour

How do lizards determine dominance? Applying ranking algorithms to animal social behaviour

Female lizards ignore the sweet scent of success: Male characteristics implicated in female mate preference

Manipulating Testosterone to Assess Links between Behavior, Morphology, and Performance in the Brown Anole Anolis sagrei

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