Laboratory Assessment of Some Plants Latex as Biopesticide Against Cowpea Bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]

Abstract

Laboratory evaluation of Calotropis procera, Alstonia boonei, Jatropha curcas and Argemone mexicana latex as biopesticide against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] were evaluated at ambient temperature and relative humidity of 28±2 o C and 75±5% respectively. The plants latex was tested at rates of 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml / 20 g of cowpea seeds. Adult mortality and adult emergence of the insects were investigated. Results showed that at rates of 1 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml/ 20 g of cowpea seeds, A. boonei latex evoked 100% mortality of adult cowpea bruchid after 4 days of post treatment. This is followed by C. procera and J. curcas which caused 100% mortality of cowpea bruchid at rates of 1.5 ml and 2 ml / 20 g of cowpea seeds while the least effective plant Argemone mexicana latex. There was no adult emergence in seeds treated with A. boonei latex at tested concentrations and C. procera and J. curcas at rates of 1.5 ml and 2 ml / 20 g of cowpea seeds compared with untreated that had 87.75% adults emergence. The results obtained from this study revealed that Alstonia boonei, Calotropis procera and J. curcas latex were effective in controlling of C. maculatus and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides for the protection of stored cowpeas against bruchids.

Toxicological and Histopathological Effects of Cheese Wood, <i>Alstonia boonei</i> De Wild Stem Bark Powder used as Cowpea Protectant against Cowpea Bruchid, <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] on Albino Rats.

“…The insecticidal activity of A. boonei has been reported recently (Oigiangbe et al, 2007a;2007b;Ileke and Oni 2011;Ileke et al, 2012;Ileke et al, 2013;2014;Ojo and Ogunleye, 2013). Aqueous extracts of the leaf and stem bark of A. boonei was active against the pink borer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest of maize and some other cereals in West and Central Africa (Oigiangbe et al, 2007a).…”

“…Previous studies by Oigiangbe et al (2007a;2007b); Ileke and Oni (2011), Ileke et al (2012); ; Ileke et al (2013;2014) and Ojo and Ogunleye (2013) have shown insecticidal activity of A. boonei powders and A. boonei extracts on the pink borer, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a pest of maize and some other cereals, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), cowpea bruchid C. maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), mosquito larvae and S . zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) respectively.…”

“…Ojo and Ogunleye (2013) worked on the comparative effectiveness of the powders of some underutilized botanicals including A. boonei stem bark powder for the control of Sitophilus zeamais. Ileke et al (2014) reported the insecticidal activity of A. boonei latex against C. maculatus. We present the toxicological and histopathological effects of A. boonei stem bark powder which is scarce in literature.…”

Entomotoxic Effect of Cheese Wood, <i>Alstonia boonei</i> De Wild against Cowpea Bruchid, <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (Fab.) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], Attacking Cowpea Seeds in Storage

“…Previous studies by Ileke and Oni (2011);Ileke et al (2012); Ileke et al (2013); Ileke et al (2014) have shown insecticidal activity of A. boonei powders against Sitophilus zeamais, A. boonei stem bark oil obtained by cold extraction using five different solvents on the mortality of cowpea bruchid, C. maculatus and A. boonei latex against C. maculatus. In this study, A. boonei stem bark extract was the most toxic to adult C. maculatus.…”

Fumigant Activity of Four Plant Powders against Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Adzuki Bean

“…Deterrent effects on F 1 progeny that emerged into adults affected the postembryonic development that performed in less or even completely no adult emergence. This might have been caused by the VOCs from plant powders which poses the ability to penetrate the eggs chorion of insect through a minute space (micropyle) that is present on the posterior pole of eggs and results in the death of embryos and/or neonate larvae (Ileke et al, 2014;Kedia et al, 2015;Zafar et al, 2018). At the end of the experiment, little or no bean damaged and low weight loss of bean at certain plant powders were observed due to lack of insect survival stages such as insect infestation at the beginning of the experiment, eggs and neonate larvae against VOCs.…”