Laboratory assessment of the and cercaricidal activities of the Egyptian weed, Solanum nigrum L. molluscicidal

Abstract

The molluscicidal properties of Solanum nigrum L. were tested against three Egyptian snail species (Biomphalaria alexandrina, Bulinus truncatus and Lymnaea natalensis), each an intermediate host of parasites causing human schistosomiasis or fascioliasis. The plant was collected in two regions within Egypt: Fayium and Giza. Snails were exposed for 24 and 48 h, to the dry powdered fruits and leaves or to crude water extracts of the powders, and mortality was recorded. The water extract of the leaves collected in Fayium (FLWE) had the highest molluscicidal activity, with median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 18.6 mg/litre for Bi. alexandrina, 14.5 mg/litre for Bu. truncatus and 17.7 mg/litre for L. natalensis. When Bi. alexandrina infected with Schistosoma mansoni were exposed to FLWE (20 or 25 mg/litre), they shed significantly fewer cercariae than unexposed snails (P < 0.02). The cercaricidal properties of FLWE were directly tested against S. haematobium, S. mansoni and Fasciola gigantica cercariae and a time-concentration relationship was observed; the concentrations needed to kill all cercariae (LC100) within 30 min of exposure were 30 mg/litre for both S. haematobium and S. mansoni and 40 mg/litre for F. gigantica.

Laboratory assessment of molluscicidal and cercariacidal effects of Glinus lotoides fruits

“…This finding is also in line with the reported data for Milletia thoningii by Perret et al [ 43 ] and Irish germanica by Singaba et al [ 23 ] who reported the time-concentration relationship of the plants extracts . Other studies by Rug and Rupel [ 15 ] using different solvent extracts of Jatropha curcas and by Ahmed and Ramzy [ 44 ] using aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum also reported similar findings.…”

In Vitro Assessment of Anthelmintic Activities ofRauwolfia vomitoria(Apocynaceae) Stem Bark and Roots against Parasitic Stages ofSchistosoma mansoniand Cytotoxic Study

“…This result is similar to that of Kiros et al [36] and Mohamed et al [40] who reported the cercariacidal activity of Glinus lotoides fruits and Nigella sativa crushed seed, respectively, as both time and concentration dependent. Other studies have also reported the time concentration relationship of various plant extracts: Millettia thonningii [41], Iris germanica [42], Jatropha curcas [43], and Solanum nigrum [44]. Our results showed that the stem bark cercariacidal activity was more potent than that of the roots and it also had good selectivity in HepG2 cells.…”

Molluscicidal Activity of SomeSolanumSpecies Extracts against the SnailBiomphalaria alexandrina

“…Several Solanum species of the family Solanaceae are widely used as leafy vegetables as source of fruits and medicine in different countries, In this study , S. nigrum, (Figure 1), S. villosum, (Figure 2) and S. sinaicum (Figure 3), which in its features like S. nigrum were tested against B. alexandrina snail, the intermediate host of Schistosma mansoni . The present investigation showed the effect of exposure of the different concentration of the three species of Solanum against the snails, and the results were agreed with some other results recorded by [7, 8, 16, 17]. …”

“…Before field trials are started, more laboratory testing is, however, necessary to determine the (MLC50) minimum lethal concentration at 50 ppm, values for different species, and toxicity to nontarget organisms. Egyptian S. nigrum extracts were very effective at controlling intermediate host of parasites causing human schistosomiasis and fascioliasis [7]. In the present study 3 Solanum species (S. nigrum, S. siniacum, and S. villosum) were examined for molluscicidal properties.…”