Laboratory Culture and Life Cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in Intermediate and Definitive Hosts

Wang, Lingjun; Li, Di; Yin, Changzhu; Tang, Hongri; Luo, Bo; Rong, Yan; Shen, Yujuan; Liu, Hui

doi:10.3390/pathogens11091066

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thelaziasis is mainly prevalent in areas with poor economic and health conditions and a large number of local domestic or wild animals infected, especially in summer and autumn. Thelazia is transmitted by two Drosophila species, Phortica okadai in Asia and P.variegate in Europe [7] .…”

Section: Literature Review and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thelaziasis callipaeda infection in an urban woman in Beijing ： a case report and literature review

Tan,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Thelaziasis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae, Thelazia), which can cause mild to severe signs and lesions, such as foreign body sensation, itching, tearing, eye pain, conjunctival bleeding, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and even blindness. Besides, thelaziasis is mainly prevalent in areas with poor economic and health conditions and a large number of local domestic or wild animals infected, especially in summer and autumn. Case presentation: A 41-year-old office lady presented to the hospital and reported itching in her right eye for one month in Beijing. This patient had a history of seasonal allergy and owned a cat and once found cat fur on her contact lens before the itching onset. Four worms were observed in the superior conjunctival sac of her right eye. The worms were removed and identified as Thelazia callipaeda. The symptoms resolved after the removal of the worms. Then, The patient received gatifloxacin ointment for one week. There were no recurrences at the 2-month follow-up. conclusions: We report a case of human thelaziasis in Beijing. Then, we provide an overview of and perspectives on human thelaziasis in China by mining publicly available databases for the period from 2014 to 2023. Though most previous cases were from rural areas with poor sanitation, doctors should be aware of the possibility of this disease in the city. In our report, several clinical signs were discussed as indications for the diagnosis, which may lead to faster identification of thelaziasis and earlier treatment initiation.

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Section: Literature Review and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thelaziasis callipaeda infection in an urban woman in Beijing ： a case report and literature review

Tan,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Phortica okadai (Drosophilidae, Steganinae) is the only confirmed vector of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) in China [ 1 ], whereas Phortica oldenbergi and Phortica variegate are known vectors of this nematode in Europe [ 2 , 3 ]. T. callipaeda , a zoonotic nematode, can parasitize the eyes of many mammals, such as canids, domestic carnivores (dogs and cats), wild carnivores (red foxes), lagomorphs (brown hares), and humans [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Characterization of CYP4D2 Putatively Associated with β-Cypermethrin Detoxification in Phortica okadai

Wang

Tang

Xie

et al. 2022

Genes

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Phortica okadai, a polyphagous pest, serves as a vector for Thelazia callipaeda in China. Currently, there are no effective control strategies for this vector. Agricultural pest control may cause P. okadai to become a threat due to the development of pesticide resistance. Cytochrome P450s (CYP450) plays a significant role in detoxifying xenobiotics in insects. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing of P. okadai exposed to β-cypermethrin for 0 and 1 h and then gene cloning of the five up-regulated CYP450 genes. Three CYP450 genes were successfully cloned, and their expression patterns in different developmental stages and in different tissues were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Pocyp4d2 was observed to have the highest expression in the midgut (fold change 2.82 for Pocyp4d2, 2.62 for Pocyp49a1, and 1.77 for Pocyp28d2). Functional analysis was carried out according to overexpression in S2 cells from the pfastbac1 vector and RNAi with siRNA. The results of the CCK8 assay indicated that the overexpression of the recombinant protein PoCYP4D2 suppressed the decrease in S2 cell viability due to β-cypermethrin. The expression levels of PoCYP4D2 decreased significantly, and the mortality rates increased from 6.25% to 15.0% at 3 h and from 15.0% to 27.5% at 6 h after Pocyp4d2-siRNA injection. These results suggest that Pocyp4d2 may be an essential key gene in the metabolism of β-cypermethrin in P. okadai. This study constitutes a foundation to explore further the functions of P. okadai CYP450 genes in insecticide metabolism.

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Thelaziasis in an urban woman in Beijing: a case report and literature review

Tan,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background Thelaziasis is a zoonotic disease mainly caused by Thelazia callipaeda ( Spirurida , Thelaziidae , Thelazia ), which can cause mild to severe signs and lesions, such as foreign body sensation, itching, tearing, eye pain, conjunctival bleeding, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and even blindness. Thelaziasis cases have been reported mainly in agricultural areas and areas with high potential for contact with domestic animals [ 1 ]. Case presentation We report a case of Thelazia callipaeda infection in the right eye of a 41-year-old woman working in an office. The patient presented with persistent foreign body sensation, pruritus, and redness despite initial treatment with polyethylene glycol and levofloxacin eye drops. Subsequent examination revealed the presence of multiple Thelazia callipaeda worms, which were successfully removed. Postoperative treatment with gatifloxacin eye ointment resulted in significant symptom relief with no recurrence over two months. Conclusions This case highlights the thelaziasis in urban settings, emphasizing the need for ophthalmologists to consider parasitic infections in differential diagnosis even in well-maintained environments. Then, we provided an overview of human thelaziasis in China by mining publicly available databases from 2014 to 2023, suggesting a difference in regional distribution that warrants further epidemiological studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-024-03776-0.

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Laboratory Culture and Life Cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in Intermediate and Definitive Hosts

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Thelaziasis callipaeda infection in an urban woman in Beijing ： a case report and literature review

Thelaziasis callipaeda infection in an urban woman in Beijing ： a case report and literature review

Identification and Functional Characterization of CYP4D2 Putatively Associated with β-Cypermethrin Detoxification in Phortica okadai

Thelaziasis in an urban woman in Beijing: a case report and literature review

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