Laboratory diagnosis and incidence of diphtheria inMosul Province, Iraq

Re-Emergence of Wheat Seed Gall Nematode (Anguina tritici) in Punjab, Pakistan

“…Since its first report in 1743, the nematode was subsequently found in numerous countries and states of the world on wheat (Al-Talib et al, 1986;Brown, 1987;Gotke and Swarup, 1988;Esser et al, 1991;Kalha et al, 1992;Nath and Patkak, 1993;Riley and Reardon, 1995;CABI/EPPO, 2002;EPPO, 2014EPPO, , 2015Mohamedova and Piperkova, 2013;PERAL, 2015). In the present survey incidence of ear cockle was observed up to 1.5% in Sargodha division.…”

“…A. tritici is one of the important pests of wheat in Iraq and its infection on wheat has been reported up to 22.9% resulting in 30% reduction in yield. The nematode has been reported to infect barley from Iraq much later where its infestation reached up to 90% (Al-Talib et al, 1986;Stephan, 1988;Kassi et al, 2018;Nabeel et al, 2018;Rahoo et al, 2017Rahoo et al, , 2018. The nematode is one of the major pests of wheat in Pakistan and has been found prevalent in most of the wheat growing areas causing yield losses up to 3%.…”