Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring of Viral Hepatitis

Prasidthrathsint, Kunatum; Stapleton, Jack T.

doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2019.02.007

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…We consider that the acute course of HAV infection and the initial period of patient care enabled, together with clinical and laboratory data, the establishment of a definitive diagnosis of acute hepatitis A in this sizable proportion of individuals included in the study. 1,4 The long period of storage of the samples may have interfered with the detection of IgM antibodies and HAV-RNA; however, the sensitivity detection of serological and molecular markers may have been increased because the samples were collected from individuals in the acute phase of the disease. 4,8 The first recorded outbreak of hepatitis A in the Brazilian Amazon occurred in 1974.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of hepatitis A is routinely established by the observation of clinical signs (jaundice, choluria, nausea, malaise, and fever), accompanied by increased serum liver enzymes (primarily alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and bilirubin, added to the detection of anti‐HAV IgM antibodies in the serum 3,4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,4 The diagnosis of hepatitis A is routinely established by the observation of clinical signs (jaundice, choluria, nausea, malaise, and fever), accompanied by increased serum liver enzymes (primarily alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and bilirubin, added to the detection of anti-HAV IgM antibodies in the serum. 3,4 HAV sequencing indicates the existence of at least six genotypes of the virus, numerically identified from I to VI, that have ≥ 85% intragenotypic nucleotide identity. 5,6 Three genotypes are detected in humans (genotype I containing subgenotypes IA, IB, and a proposed IC; and genotypes II and III, each with subgenotypes A and B), and three in nonhuman primates (IV-VI, also each with subgenotypes A and B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

Moreira

Malheiros

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although discovered in 1973, due to limitations of applicable serological and/or molecular methods, HAV remained under limited diagnosis until the late 1980s. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the serological and molecular prevalence of the HAV infection among 421 (n = 421) patients with a clinical and laboratory suspicion of acute hepatitis who were admitted in a reference laboratory in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon during 1982 and 1983. The 421 serum samples were screened for anti-HAV IgM antibodies by enzymatic immunoassays. Positive samples were submitted to total RNA purification and tested by Nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to amplify the HAV-RNA VP1-2A (522 bp) region. Anti-HAV IgM antibodies were detected in 66% (278/421) of the patients. The highest prevalence was observed among males (57.9%, 161/278), and most often among children under 10 years old (63.3%, 176/278). HAV-RNA was detected in 74.4% (207/ 278) of anti-HAV IgM positive samples. HAV genotyping was performed in 71 samples, and 69 were classified into subgenotype IA. Two samples belonged to the HAV subgenotype IIIA. In this sense, retrospective studies can help in understanding the evolution and determination of wild genotypes and subtypes of HAV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

Moreira

Malheiros

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Serum HDV antigen can be detected by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay but is less sensitive than measuring HDV RNA. 9 ELISA for anti-HDV is the first-line screening test. A positive test result implies previous or ongoing exposure to virus.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection of HDV antigen is an indicator of acute infection. Serum HDV antigen can be detected by either enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay but is less sensitive than measuring HDV RNA 9 . ELISA for anti‐HDV is the first‐line screening test.…”

Section: Region (Asia and The Middle East) Prevalence In General Population (%) Prevalence In Hbv Carriers (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis D Infection in Asia: A Perspective From an Endemic Region

Gökcan

İdilman

2021

Clinical Liver Disease

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Chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) is caused by hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which is the smallest virus infecting mammals. It is estimated that approximately 5% of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus are coinfected with HDV; therefore, between 15 and 20 million people live with CHD, with different prevalences depending on the region. 1 Recent epidemiological meta-analysis studies showed that the global seroprevalence of HDV is approximately 0.8% to 1%, and approximately 10% to 13% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals have HDV coinfection. 2,3 This prevalence is probably higher than the estimate. HDV has eight genotypes. HDV genotype 1 has a wide distribution, genotypes 2 and 4 are found predominantly in Asia, genotype 3 is localized to the Amazon Basin, and genotypes 5 to 8 are in Africa. In Turkey, nearly all patients with HDV are infected with genotype 1, which has been associated with more severe disease.HDV requires HBsAg to complete its life cycle. Moreover, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals are at risk for having HDV coinfection or superinfection. Coinfection with HDV is commonly associated with a more rapid progression to cirrhosis, a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and increased liver-related morbidity and mortality compared with CHB alone.The geographic distribution of HDV infection varies and is heterogeneous. HDV infection remains endemic in many developing countries. High-prevalence areas include central and West Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Northern and Southeast Asia, and the Amazon Basin of South America. 2,4 The seroprevalence of HDV infection in central Asia was 8.3% in the general population and 51.3% in HBsAg-positive patients; this prevalence is higher than that of South and East Asia (0.36%-0.69% and 17.5%-10.1%, respectively). 3,4 Table 1 shows the prevalence of HDV among HBV carriers and the general population in Asia and the Middle East. [2][3][4][5][6][7] The prevalence was the highest in Mongolia, with 8% in the general populations and 83.3% in HBsAg-positive patients.

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Evaluation des Nutzens

Schlander¹,

Schäfer²,

Selberg³

2023

Nutzen Der Labormedizin in Der Schweiz

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ZusammenfassungFür jede der anhand der von ihnen verursachten Krankheitslast ausgewählten Krankheitsgruppen wird anhand mindestens eines Testverfahrens die Datenlage zum patientenbezogenen und gesellschaftlichen Nutzen der Laboratoriumsmedizin evaluiert. Der Beitrag der modernen Labormedizin erweist sich dabei in allen untersuchten Krankheitsgruppen als medizinisch „nutzenstiftend“ und vielfach sogar als unverzichtbar. Beispielhaft zu nennen sind der Einsatz prädiktiver Biomarker als Voraussetzung einer gezielten Krebstherapie, von Tests auf Anti-CCP-Antikörper beziehungsweise hochsensitives kardiales Troponin zur frühen Diagnose der rheumatoiden Arthritis bzw. des akuten Herzinfarkts, aber auch TSH-Tests für eine adäquate kausale Therapie von depressiven Störungen auf dem Boden einer Hypothyreose und therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring in der Neuropsychiatrie und darüber hinaus; schliesslich Erregerdiagnostik und Resistenzbestimmungen in der Infektiologie. Die untersuchten Tests erweisen sich zudem durchweg als kosteneffektiv.

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Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring of Viral Hepatitis

Cited by 15 publications

References 92 publications

The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

The first evidence of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IIIA in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, 1982–1983

Hepatitis D Infection in Asia: A Perspective From an Endemic Region

Evaluation des Nutzens

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