Laboratory diagnosis, epizootiology, and efficacy of marker vaccines in classical swine fever: A review

Smit, A.J. de

doi:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695054

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Virus isolation has been considered the diagnostic gold standard for CSF (de Smit 2000;Pearson 1992), however recent studies have demonstrated that real-time RT-PCR has greater diagnostic sensitivity (Hoffmann et al 2005;Risatti et al 2005). In this study, the AC-ELISA was used as the reference standard to determine the diagnostic cut-off of the IMB-ELISA because it was the most suited test for the Lao setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen

Conlan

Khounsy

Blacksell

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and severe viral disease of swine resulting in substantial production losses in different farming systems in many regions of the world.The accurate and rapid detection of CSF outbreaks is reliant on sensitive and specific laboratory testing and is a key component of disease control. Specific detection of CSF virus can be achieved by virus isolation in tissue culture, antigen capture or the detection of viral RNA using molecular techniques. In order to reduce the time taken to achieve a diagnostic result and simplify testing methods, an antigen capture ELISA using immunomagnetic beads (IMB) as the solid phase was developed and compared to a microplate-based antigen capture (AC)-ELISA. The IMB-ELISA has up to 64-fold greater analytical sensitivity than the AC-ELISA and initial estimates of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are 100%. The IMB-ELISA has a highly robust, rapid and stable test format and is simpler to perform than the AC-ELISA. The IMB-ELISA has the added advantage that a result can be sensitively and specifically determined by eye, lending it to the possibility of adaptation to a near-to-field test with minimal equipment or expertise needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen

Conlan

Khounsy

Blacksell

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…A reference laboratory (AFSSA, Maisons-Alfort) searched blood samples for antibodies using a Neutralisation Peroxydase Linked Assay [8,14]. The laboratory Classical swine fever epizootic in wild boar 31 systematically performed differential diagnoses between CSFV and the closely related Border Disease virus (BDV) by comparing antibody titres for both viruses [14].…”

Section: Diagnostic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laboratory Classical swine fever epizootic in wild boar 31 systematically performed differential diagnoses between CSFV and the closely related Border Disease virus (BDV) by comparing antibody titres for both viruses [14]. Seropositive cases included animals showing both a positive reaction at the 1/10 dilution against CSFV and a higher titre for CSFV than BDV.…”

Section: Diagnostic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

et al. 2005

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-In the European Community, epizootics of classical swine fever (CSF) in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) are compulsorily monitored because transmission may occur between wild boars and domestic pigs, causing heavy economic losses to the pork industry. The estimation of incidence in populations of wild boars is generally based on viroprevalence. However, viral isolation becomes rare when the incidence is low because the virus cannot be detected for more than a few weeks following infection. On the contrary, seroprevalence is detectable at low incidence levels, because antibodies can be detected for the lifetime of the infected animal. We thus attempted to analyse the long-term evolution of CSF incidence using serological data. The data came from France, where CSF had been monitored from 1992 to 2002, and where the virus has not been detected since 1997. We assumed that the overall seroprevalence would estimate the proportion of immune wild boars, that seroprevalence in juveniles would approximate incidence and that seroprevalence in different age classes would show the evolution of incidence in a given cohort. Spatial and temporal trends of incidence and seroprevalence were explored using logistic modelling and the spatial trend was analysed using polynomial regression. In 1992, incidence peaked in the northern area. After 1993, incidence decreased but remained the highest in the northern area. After 2000, no seropositive juvenile was observed, suggesting the extinction of the epizootic. Our results support the reliability of serological monitoring since it allowed a longer detection of viral transmission and provided more information on the spatio-temporal evolution of incidence than did viral isolation. We advocate that the highest persistence of infection in northeastern France is not independent from infection persistence in Reinland-Pfalz (Germany). Such persistence may be due to favourable local conditions and/or the social organisation of wild boars.classical swine fever / wild boar / spatial / monitoring / serology

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“…Consequently, there is a need to improve the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, which are of considerable value in the control of CSF due to their advantages of safety and established DIVA tests [10,13,24]. One area of importance in this respect is the induction of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), an important defence mechanism against non-cytopathogenic virus infections such as CSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological properties of recombinant classical swine fever virus NS3 protein in vitro and in vivo

Rau¹,

Revets

Balmelli³

et al. 2006

Vet. Res.

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-Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of pigs characterised by fever, severe leukopenia and haemorrhages. With vaccines having an importance in disease control, studies are seeking improved protein-based subunit vaccine against the virus (CSFV). In this respect, recombinant viral NS3 protein was analysed for its immunopotentiating capacity, particularly in terms of cytotoxic immune responses. NS3 was effective at inducing in vitro responses, quantified by lymphoproliferation, IFN-γ ELISPOT, flow cytometric detection of activated T cell subsets, and cytotoxic T cell assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CSFV-immune pigs could be stimulated, but not cells from naïve animals. In addition to the IFN-γ responses, induction of both CD4 + T helper cell and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (CTL) were discernible -activation of the latter was confirmed in a virus-specific cytolytic assay. Attempts were made to translate this to the in vivo situation, by vaccinating pigs with an E2/NS3-based vaccine compared with an E2 subunit vaccine. Both vaccines were similar in their abilities to stimulate specific immune responses and protect pigs against lethal CSFV infection. Although the E2/NS3 vaccine appeared to have an advantage in terms of antibody induction, this was not statistically significant when group studies were performed. It was also difficult to visualise the NS3 capacity to promote T-cell responses in vivo. These results show that NS3 has potential for promoting cytotoxic defences, but the formulation of the vaccine requires optimisation for ensuring that NS3 is correctly delivered to antigen presenting cells for efficient activation of CTL.classical swine fever / subunit vaccine / E2 / NS3 / CTL

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Laboratory diagnosis, epizootiology, and efficacy of marker vaccines in classical swine fever: A review

Cited by 44 publications

References 65 publications

Development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen

Development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

Immunological properties of recombinant classical swine fever virus NS3 protein in vitro and in vivo

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