Laboratory Diagnosis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever during an Outbreak in Yambio, Sudan, 2004

Onyango, Clayton; Opoka, Martin L.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Formenty, Pierre; Ahmed, Altayeb Abdalla; Tukei, P.M.; Sang, Rosemary; Ofula, Victor; Konongoi, Samson L.; Coldren, Rodney L.; Grein, Thomas; Legros, Dominique; Bell, Michael J.; Cock, Kevin M. De; Bellini, William J.; Towner, Jonathan S.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Rollin, Pierre E.

doi:10.1086/520609

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Close contact with an acute Ebola case and receiving an injection with a reused, unsterilized syringe at the hospital were the major risk factors for virus transmission in humans5. The other reported cases are represented below in the Graph 1 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

Section: Documented Outbreaks Of Ebola In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola Virüsü

LAKSHMAN¹,

GOYA²,

SHENOY³

2015

Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Documented Outbreaks Of Ebola In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola Virüsü

LAKSHMAN¹,

GOYA²,

SHENOY³

2015

Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Given that improved communications across Africa mean that results can be returned rapidly, if samples are routinely and regularly transported from the district health center to the testing facility, the delay afforded would be slight. We allowed one day for febrile health worker testing and 3 days for postmortems, consistent with the time-to-detection from local off-site labs in actual Ebola outbreaks [22,33,34]. These delays resulted in only a small increase in outbreak size ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Comparison Of Diagnostic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is illustrated by a 2004 outbreak in Yambio, Sudan, where health workers noticed a cluster of cases and suspected that a filovirus endemic might have begun [22]. In an exemplary case of deductive epidemiology combined with access to testing facilities in nearby Kenya the epidemic was identified very rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic schemes for reducing epidemic size of african viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks

Okeke

Manning

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) outbreaks, with high mortality rates, have often been amplified in African health institutions due to person-to-person transmission via infected body fluids. By collating and analyzing epidemiological data from documented outbreaks, we observed that diagnostic delay contributes to epidemic size for Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. Methodology: We used a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model and data from the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo, to simulate Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemics. Our model allows us to describe the dynamics for hospital staff separately from that for the general population, and to implement health worker-specific interventions. Results: The model illustrates that implementing World Health Organization/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines of isolating patients who do not respond to antimalarial and antibacterial chemotherapy reduces total outbreak size, from a median of 236, by 90% or more. Routinely employing diagnostic testing in post-mortems of patients that died of refractory fevers reduces the median outbreak size by a further 60%. Even greater reductions in outbreak size were seen when all febrile patients were tested for endemic infections or when febrile health-care workers were tested. The effect of testing strategies was not impaired by the 1-3 day delay that would occur if testing were performed by a reference laboratory. Conclusion: In addition to improving the quality of care for common causes of febrile infections, increased and strategic use of laboratory diagnostics for fever could reduce the chance of hospital amplification of VHFs in resource-limited African health systems.

show abstract

“…The virus derives its name from Ebola river (which is a headstream of Mongala river, a tributary of Congo river) where the first outbreak of the disease was reported. Over the last 38 years periodically many epidemics of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported from various African countries [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Whereas during 1990s and in the early years of the present century the worst hit countries have been DRC, Sudan, Uganda, Gabon and Congo-Brazzaville, the present epidemic of west Africa has been unprecedented in terms of mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): An Unprecedented Major Outbreak in West Africa

Joshi¹

2014

Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ebola virus disease (EVD), one of the deadliest virus diseases has affected a number of African countries periodically ever since 1976. The present epidemic of EVD is being regarded as an unprecedented major outbreak of west Africa involving Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Nigeria. About 9,000 people have contracted the disease and nearly 4,500 had fatal outcome. Both morbidity and mortality is likely to increase in coming months due to paucity and non-availability of specific anti-viral drugs and vaccines. Mass education, preventive measures and international commitment on war footing can help contain the present epidemic. However, the epidemic is likely to have significant long lasting economical, social and political after effects.

show abstract

Laboratory Diagnosis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever during an Outbreak in Yambio, Sudan, 2004

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Ebola Virüsü

Ebola Virüsü

Diagnostic schemes for reducing epidemic size of african viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): An Unprecedented Major Outbreak in West Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About