Laboratory diagnosis of equine pituitary pars intermedia adenoma

Kolk, Johannes H. van der; Wensing, Th.; Kalsbeek, H.C.; Breukink, H. J.

doi:10.1016/0739-7240(94)00006-m

Cited by 96 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Insulin resistance has been attributed to the effects of obesity-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines on insulin sensitivity [19] [24]. Furthermore, higher insulin concentrations have been identified in horses with clinical PPID4 and those with pituitary adenomas [13]. Horses with PPID often also have increased plasma α-MSH levels, which have also been correlated with an increased BCS [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and Mesenteric Lipomas in Insulin-Resistant Horses

Newkirk¹,

Chameroy²,

Tadros³

et al. 2014

OJVM

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The aim of the current study was to identify associations between pituitary lesions, body condition scores, and mesenteric lipomas in horses with insulin resistance. Necropsy examinations were performed following euthanasia in 30 adult horses designated as insulin resistant (n = 11) or insulin sensitive (n = 19). Insulin sensitivity was determined using the insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and resting insulin concentrations. At necropsy, mesenteric lipomas were measured. The pituitary and adrenal glands, pancreas, and liver were evaluated histologically; pituitary glands were scored based on published criteria. Insulin-resistant horses had significantly higher pituitary scores (p = 0.0035) and body condition scores (p = 0.0001), even when adjusting for age, and a greater frequency of mesenteric lipomas (p = 0.014) and greater lipoma area (p = 0.0332) than insulin-sensitive horses. Regardless of insulin status, horses with pituitary scores ≥3 (diffuse hyperplasia; n = 25) had higher body condition scores (p = 0.0313) and a greater frequency of mesenteric lipomas (p < 0.0002) than those with lower pituitary scores. High body condition score was not correlated to an increased frequency of mesenteric lipomas. Detection of higher pituitary scores in insulin-resistant horses suggested an association between insulin resistance and pituitary morphology. Horses in the insulin-resistant group and those with high pituitary scores had higher body condition scores and a greater frequency of mesenteric lipomas. These horses might be at increased risk for lipoma-associated colic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, it is unclear if the increased SAA is a cause or effects of the obesity and IR. In addition, previous reports have associated IR with pituitary pars intermedia lesions [11]- [13]. Horses with pituitary lesions have been shown to have increased body condition scores (BCS) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and Mesenteric Lipomas in Insulin-Resistant Horses

Newkirk¹,

Chameroy²,

Tadros³

et al. 2014

OJVM

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“…5 Horses with advanced PPID have plasma ACTH concentrations above the reference range. 2,3,6 The convenience and recent increase in the availability of plasma ACTH assays validated for the horse have made this diagnostic test more widely available and used. 3,7,8 The reported sensitivity of plasma ACTH concentration in the diagnosis of PPID is from 84 to 100%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,7,8 The reported sensitivity of plasma ACTH concentration in the diagnosis of PPID is from 84 to 100%. 3,6,8 In addition to the use of ACTH in the diagnosis of PPID, it might be useful as an objective evaluation of treatment efficacy. 7,9 Horses with PPID are frequently insulin resistant and have increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Treatment with Pergolide or Cyproheptadine of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease)

Donaldson

LaMonte

Morresey

et al. 2002

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Medical records of 27 horses (including 13 ponies) treated with pergolide or cyproheptadine for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction were reviewed to determine the effect of treatment on plasma ACTH, insulin, and glucose concentrations and clinical signs. Prior to treatment, the most common clinical signs were laminitis, hirsutism, and abnormal body fat distribution. The median pergolide dose was 3.0 g/kg PO q24h (range, 1.7-5.5 g/kg). All horses treated with cyproheptadine were given 0.25 mg/kg PO q24h. After pergolide treatment, ACTH concentrations (n ϭ 20; median ϭ 30.4 pg/ml; range, 4.2-173) were significantly lower (P Ͻ .01) than those in horses treated with cyproheptadine (n ϭ 7; median ϭ 141.0 pg/ml; range, 10-1,230). Among horses treated with pergolide, there was a correlation between ACTH concentration after treatment and the duration of treatment (P Ͻ .001) and pergolide dose (P ϭ .04). Significantly (P ϭ .02) more owners of horses treated with pergolide (85%, 17/20) reported an improvement in clinical signs compared to owners of horses treated with cyproheptadine (28%, 2/7).

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Endocrine Evaluation

Beech¹

2013

Equine Clinical Pathology

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Laboratory diagnosis of equine pituitary pars intermedia adenoma

Cited by 96 publications

References 8 publications

Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and Mesenteric Lipomas in Insulin-Resistant Horses

Pituitary Lesions, Obesity, and Mesenteric Lipomas in Insulin-Resistant Horses

Treatment with Pergolide or Cyproheptadine of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease)

Endocrine Evaluation

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