Laboratory diagnosis of specific antibody deficiency to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens by multiplexed bead assay

Common variable immunodeficiency and idiopathic primary hypogammaglobulinemia: two different conditions within the same disease spectrum

“…In addition, data were collected concerning the frequency and severity of infections and modes of treatment. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination responses were interpreted according to Borgers et al 10 as an adequate response to half of the measured pneumococcal serotypes.…”

Characterization of Specific Antibody Deficiency in Adults with Medically Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis

“…However, the diagnosis of SAD can be challenging. The range of normal baseline antibody levels against S. pneumoniae serotypes in healthy adults has been documented, [13][14][15] but what constitutes a protective level of antibody against each serotype and whether that protective titer is different for each serotype remains controversial. 16 Additionally, there is no universal definition of adequate response to pneumococcal vaccination for diagnosis of SAD despite meta-analysis and specificity studies.…”

“…17,18 Previous studies have described the range of postvaccination antibody levels in healthy individuals, revealing achievement of normal antibody titers (defined by antibody titer of >1.0 μg/mL or twofold increase in titer) against most serotypes in adults, 19,20 as well as a normal response (defined by serotype-specific antibody levels using alternate multiplexed bead assay) in >90% of normal patients. 14 Although some experts recommend requiring a fourfold increase in individual antibody levels over preimmunization titers, this loses validity with preimmunization titer levels in the low-normal range. 21 Consensus of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology and American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology as outlined in the practice parameters 12 defines an adequate response as antibody concentration of ≥1.3 μg/mL or a fourfold increase over baseline in ~50-70% of pneumococcal serotypes that are evaluated.…”

Measurement of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Antibodies

“…Recent studies designed to validate the Luminex assay for anti-pneumococcal IgG antibodies have shown different degrees of variability when compared to the ELISA method [4]. Results obtained in a recent comprehensive comOther studies claim that although interlaboratory analytical variability between assays exists, this variability has a relatively minor impact on classifying patients as "protected" or "nonprotected" when using established diagnostic algorithms [6,7]. Borgers et al [6] further suggests that if a post-immunization titer is above the 5th percentile for post-immunization IgG titers determined in a healthy population.…”

“…Results obtained in a recent comprehensive comOther studies claim that although interlaboratory analytical variability between assays exists, this variability has a relatively minor impact on classifying patients as "protected" or "nonprotected" when using established diagnostic algorithms [6,7]. Borgers et al [6] further suggests that if a post-immunization titer is above the 5th percentile for post-immunization IgG titers determined in a healthy population. A normal response to greater than 50 % of serotypes tested, could be parison of the multiplex Luminex® xMAP® Pneumo 14 assay with the gold standard WHO ELISA in sera samples from children and adults taken pre-and post-Prevnar® and Pneumovax® immunization revealed that Luminex based results for individual serotypes are often different from results obtained by the ELISA test [5].…”