Laboratory Efficacy of Protection Rate of Torn Nets Treated with Pyrethroids, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin and Permethrin Against Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Vatandoost, Hassan; Gholizadeh, Saber; Abai, M.; Djavadian, E

doi:10.3923/jbs.2006.331.336

Cited by 7 publications

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“…In addition, the findings add to existing data that shows that the cone test underestimates the bioefficacy of Olyset ® that contains Permethrin, a contact irritant pyrethroid [15, 17, 33, 34]. During cone tests, permethrin causes mosquitoes to minimize contact with the netting fibres and they may sometimes rest on the sides of the cone or cotton plug on the cone and avoid the insecticide and demonstrate frequent take offs from the net [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The cone test is a contact assay where mosquitoes are held in proximity to the ITN and mosquito knockdown (KD60) and 24-h mortality are recorded after 60 min and 24 h, respectively. The tunnel test uses a live animal as a bait (rabbit or guinea pig), so mosquitoes are able to exercise host-seeking behaviour, and ITN efficacy is assessed by measuring mosquito mortality and blood feeding inhibition [15–17]. Experimental huts are small scale field (phase II) testing assays used to evaluate ITNs that meet laboratory (phase I) testing criteria [8, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing the new Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test with WHO cone and tunnel tests for bioefficacy and non-inferiority testing of insecticide-treated nets

Massue

Lorenz

Moore

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background Insecticide-treated net (ITN) durability, measured through physical integrity and bioefficacy, must be accurately assessed in order to plan the timely replacement of worn out nets and guide procurement of longer-lasting, cost-effective nets. World Health Organization (WHO) guidance advises that new intervention class ITNs be assessed 3 years after distribution, in experimental huts. In order to obtain information on whole-net efficacy cost-effectively and with adequate replication, a new bioassay, the Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test (I-ACT), a semi-field whole net assay baited with human host, was compared to established WHO durability testing methods. Methods Two experiments were conducted using pyrethroid-susceptible female adult Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto comparing bioefficacy of Olyset ® , PermaNet ® 2.0 and NetProtect ® evaluated by I-ACT and WHO cone and tunnel tests. In total, 432 nets (144/brand) were evaluated using I-ACT and cone test. Olyset ® nets (132/144) that did not meet the WHO cone test threshold criteria (≥ 80% mortality or ≥ 95% knockdown) were evaluated using tunnel tests with threshold criteria of ≥ 80% mortality or ≥ 90% feeding inhibition for WHO tunnel and I-ACT. Pass rate of nets tested by WHO combined standard WHO bioassays (cone/tunnel tests) was compared to pass in I-ACT only by net brand and time after distribution. Results Overall, more nets passed WHO threshold criteria when tested with I-ACT than with standard WHO bioassays 92% vs 69%, (OR: 4.1, 95% CI 3.5–4.7, p < 0.0001). The proportion of Olyset ® nets that passed differed if WHO 2005 or WHO 2013 LN testing guidelines were followed: 77% vs 71%, respectively. Based on I-ACT results, PermaNet ® 2.0 and NetProtect ® demonstrated superior mortality and non-inferior feeding inhibition to Olyset ® over 3 years of field use in Tanzania. Conclusion Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test may have use for durability studies and non-inferiority testing of new ITN products. It measures composite bioefficacy and physical integrity with both mortality and feeding inhibition endpoints, using fewer mosquitoes than standard WHO bioassays (cone and tunnel tests). The I-ACT is a high-throughput assay to evaluate ITN products that work through either contact toxicity or feeding inhibition. I-ACT allows mosquitoes to interact with a host sleeping underneath a net as encountered in the field, without risk to human participants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2741-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the new Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test with WHO cone and tunnel tests for bioefficacy and non-inferiority testing of insecticide-treated nets

Massue

Lorenz

Moore

et al. 2019

Malar J

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show abstract

“…This species is absent during the cold winter months, but has high density during spring and autumn in mountainous and coastal region, respectively. This mosquito is resting outdoor in animal house as well as human dwelling [4]. This species in some areas showed resistance to pyrethroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Efficacy of Different Synthetic Pyrethroid Impregnated Fabrics (ITNs) on Knock Down Time of Anopheles Stephensi

Shamspour¹,

Vatandoost²,

Abai³

2017

ajlsr

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We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different fibers of bednets impregnated with various pyrethroids and the efficacy of LD50,LD90 and diagnostic dose of pyrethroids on median knock down time of susceptible strain of An.stephensi . The other aim of the present study was to determine distribution of knock down time values (Standard Division). Bioassey test was carried out with simple netting apparatus under laboratory condition using a new method of WHO proposed by Curtis. 11 female mosquitoes were released into net apparatus and median knock down time of them were calculated for each type of pyrethroids and fabrics. their standard division ( SD ) and Standard error ( SE ) were calculated exactly by Probit analysis of Finney. Results showed Median knock down time in 10 mg.m-2 dosage of lambdacyhalothrin on polyester, nylon and cotton net was calculated as 3.1, 3.5 and 6.3 minutes respectively. It was calculated in 20 mg.m-2 dosage of deltamethrin on polyester , nylon and cotton net, as 6.6, 8.7 and 21.7 minutes respectively. In 40 mg.m-2 dosage of cyfluthrinon on polyester , nylon and cotton net, It was calculated as 6.3, 7.5 and 19.9 minutes respectively . Finally in 200 mg.m-2 dosage of etophenprox on polyester , nylon and cotton net, It was calculated as 10.6, 12.5 and 7.4 minutes. It was seen direct relationship between LD50, LD90 and diagnostic dose of pyrethroids and median knock down time. Lambdacyhalothrin had the least value of LD50 (10 mg.m-2 ), LD90 and D.D, created the least value of knock down time in comparison with other pyrethroids. Etophenprox had the highest value of LD50 (200 mg.m-2), LD90 and D.D, created the highest value of knock down time. Deltamethrin and cyfluthrin had intermediate values. Also there was a reverse relationship between dosage of pyrethroids and median knock down time. Polyester net need the least concentration of pyrethroid, shown the least values of knock down time and the least LD50, LD90 and diagnostic dose. So it is the best suitable net for impregnation. In all doses of all pyrethroids on all type of nets, median knock down time was similar to the knock down time of the 6th mosquito ( mode ). These values were the closest value to the KDT50 . IntroductionThe world strategy of malaria control in the last decade is concentrated on using of pyrethroid impregnated bednets. They are the most suitable replace for residual insecticide treatments. The use of (ITNs) is an important part of Roll Back Malaria (RBM) programs which is recommended by the WHO. Because of variationes in types of nets, insecticides and their formulations and species of mosquitoes, determination of diagnostic dose of insecticides and their created knock down time on mosquitoes is through necessary [1,2]. 149Pyrethroides are today the only insecticides recommended for treatment of mosquitoe nets [3]. This is due to the rapid knock down effects and high insecticidal potency of pyrethroides at low dosages combined with relative safety for human contact and domestic handling Anopheles stephensi is the ma...

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Entomological and epidemiological attributes for malaria transmission and implementation of vector control in southern Iran

et al. 2012

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Laboratory Efficacy of Protection Rate of Torn Nets Treated with Pyrethroids, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin and Permethrin Against Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing the new Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test with WHO cone and tunnel tests for bioefficacy and non-inferiority testing of insecticide-treated nets

Comparing the new Ifakara Ambient Chamber Test with WHO cone and tunnel tests for bioefficacy and non-inferiority testing of insecticide-treated nets

Relative Efficacy of Different Synthetic Pyrethroid Impregnated Fabrics (ITNs) on Knock Down Time of Anopheles Stephensi

Entomological and epidemiological attributes for malaria transmission and implementation of vector control in southern Iran

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