Laboratory evaluation of shellac as ultraviolet screen for theBacillus thuringiensis var.entomocidus againstSpodoptera littoralis larvae

Ragaei, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02770673

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The NH sludge, H sludge, and SIW-based formulations showed higher residual Tx relative to soya formulations. Half-lives of conventional soyabased Bt formulations in Þeld conditions usually ranged from 16 h to 2 d (Ragaei 1998). Moreover, when UV spectra of nonsterilized NH sludge and H sludge were taken (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches on UV protection of Bt formulations included the use of oil-soluble sunscreens with oilcarriers, oilÐwater emulsions (Burges 1998), watersoluble or suspendable absorbers or blockers with water carriers (Shasha et al 1998), or encapsulation (e.g., insoluble starch) with a water carrier (McGuire et al 1996, Behle et al 1997a,b, Tamez-Guerra et al 2000. Other studies included incorporation of various UV screens such as Congo red, folic acid, molasses, lignin, alginate, cellulose, shellac yeast, and p-amino benzoic acid with mixed results (Dunkle and Shasha 1989;Shapiro 1989;McGuire et al 1996;Behle et al 1997a,b;Ragaei 1998;Wirtz et al 1999). Certain ßuorescent brighteners, especially compounds of stilbene type also have been found to enhance biological activity up to 1000-fold and protect Bt from UV exposure (Shapiro et al 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Screening of Different Adjuvants for Wastewater/Wastewater Sludge-Based Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations

Brar¹,

Verma²,

Tyagi³

et al. 2006

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Screening of different adjuvants, namely, suspending agents, phagostimulants, stickers, antimicrobial agents, and UV screens to develop aqueous biopesticidal suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) variety kurstaki HD-1 fermented broths, specifically, nonhydrolyzed sludge, hydrolyzed sludge, starch industry wastewater, and soya (commercial medium), were investigated. The selected suspending agents [20% (wt:vol)] included sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, and sodium metabisulfite with corresponding suspendibility of 74-92, 69-85, and 71-82%, respectively. Molasses [0.2% (wt:vol)] increased adherence by 84-90% for all fermented broths. The optimal phagostimulants [0.5% (wt:vol)], namely, soya and molasses, caused entomotoxicity increase of 3-13 and 7-13%, respectively. Sorbic and propionic acids showed high antimicrobial action [0.5% (wt:vol)], irrespective of fermentation medium. Sodium lignosulfonate, molasses, and Congo red, when used as UV screens [0.2% (wt:vol)], showed percent corresponding entomotoxicity losses of 3-5, 0.5-5 and 2-16, respectively. The Bt formulations, when exposed to UV radiation, showed higher half-lives (with and without UV screens) than the fermented broths or semisynthetic soya medium and commercial Bt formulation. UV screen-amended nonhydrolyzed, hydrolyzed, and starch industry wastewater formulations showed 1.3-1.5-fold higher half-lives than commercial Bt formulation. Thus, the recommended formulation comprises sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, sodium metabisulfite (suspending agents); molasses, soya flour (phagostimulants); molasses and skimmed milk powder (rainfasteners); sorbic and propionic acids (antimicrobial agents) and sodium lignosulfate; and molasses and Congo red (UV screens). These waste-based Bt formulations offer better UV resistance in comparison with commercial formulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Different Adjuvants for Wastewater/Wastewater Sludge-Based Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations

Brar¹,

Verma²,

Tyagi³

et al. 2006

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…Shellac provided an excellent protection to B. thuringiensis ( R agaei 1998 ). In a process described by Ragaei (1997) shellac was added to yeast containing B.t.…”

Section: Sunlight and Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation protection of microbial pesticides

Ragaei

1999

J Applied Entomology

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Natural sunlight, especially the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the spectrum (UV‐B, UV‐A), is responsible for inactivation of the microbial insecticides. Starch or flour encapsulation of microbial pesticides including bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes and protozoa in addition to antioxidants, oxidative enzymes or radical scavengers may also play a critical role in the protection of insect pathogens during solar irradiation. Some chemicals, with particular emphasis upon dyes and optical brighteners are used asUV screens to protect insect pathogens. Research in the area of UV screens will be emphasized from both basic and applied aspects.

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Recent advances in downstream processing and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides

Brar

Verma

Tyagi

et al. 2006

Process Biochemistry

235

113

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Laboratory evaluation of shellac as ultraviolet screen for theBacillus thuringiensis var.entomocidus againstSpodoptera littoralis larvae

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Screening of Different Adjuvants for Wastewater/Wastewater Sludge-Based Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations

Screening of Different Adjuvants for Wastewater/Wastewater Sludge-Based Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations

Radiation protection of microbial pesticides

Recent advances in downstream processing and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides

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