Laboratory Examination of Syphilis

Abstract

Syphilis, is sexually transmitted disease caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp.pallidum. It have many diverse clinical manifestations that occur in distinct stages. Early diagnosis and management are the main things to prevent transmission and complication. Direct test or morphological observation is the definitive diagnosis of syphilis. This can be done through animal inoculation test, dark field microscopy, direct fluorescence antibody (DFA), and nucleid acid amplification test (NAAT). While the indirect test is a nontreponemal serologic test consist of Wasserman test, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST), unheated serum reagin (USR), rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and treponemal serologic test, such as T. pallidum passive particle agglutination (TPPA), T. pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and rapid test. The algorithm of serologic test can be divided into traditional or reverse.

The Acclimatization Stage Growth Of Black Orchid (Coelogyne Pandurata Lindl.) Plantlet By Biostimune Extract Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica L.) Treatment

“…Adi et al (2014) also obtained the highest percentage of live black orchid plantlets on a combination of wood charcoal and coconut fiber media, 57.14%. Given the previous research, Nugroho & Raden (2021), the percentage value of live black orchid plantlets obtained the highest yield of 72.22%, which was acclimatized to cocopeat+charcoal media.…”