“…Nevertheless, its exact role as a marker or mediator remains controversial (Kozlowski & Wilkinson, 1987;Pickens & Johanson, 1992;Tiffany, 1997). Several investigations suggest that a robust correlation between craving and drug use does not exist (Ehrman et al, 1998;Miller & Gold, 1994;Robbins, Ehrman, Childress, Cornish, & O'Brien, 2000) and that drug-addicted individuals do not report craving as a precursor to their relapse episode (Baer, Kamarck, Lichtenstein, & Ransom, 1989). However, the disconnect between conventional concepts of craving and what is documented in the literature may be attributable to inadequate measures of craving (Mezinskis et al, 2001;Tiffany & Carter, 1998), among other factors.…”