Laboratory hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in salt

Boyce, G.; Doe, T.; Majer, Ernest L.

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(85)90260-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The reason is that, synthetic samples are more homogenous than real rock samples. The fluctuation for the experimental breakdown pressure for same samples under same testing conditions are also observed in many studies [5,6,8,9,23,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Figure 11 shows experimental and simulation pressure-time curves for Sandston 1.1 and 1.2.…”

Section: Comparison Between Numerical Simulation and Experimental Stusupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This equation has been further improved by Haimson and Fairhurst [2] to incorporate the effect of poro-elastisity. However, many experimental studies have demonstrated that these classical analytical equations do not match experimental results in most cases [3][4][5][6][7][8]. These experimental studies have shown that the breakdown pressure depends on fracturing fluid viscosity and compressibility, pressurization rate, deviatoric stress state, borehole size and presence of natural fractures that intersect the borehole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation for the determination of hydraulic fracture initiation and breakdown pressure using distinct element method

Fatahi

Hossain

Fallahzadeh

et al. 2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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Hydraulic fracturing technique has been widely used in many cases to enhance well production performance. In particular, this technology is proven to be the most viable technique for the oil and gas production from unconventional reservoirs. Accurate prediction of fracture initiation and breakdown pressure is vital for successful design of Hydraulic Fracturing operation. Methods of predicting these pressures include Analytical analysis, Field experiments, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Despite great achievements in the area of analytical analysis, they often failed to represent the true reservoir case, and consequently are found to be erroneous. Field tests such as mini-frac test are the best method for prediction of initiation and breakdown pressure. However, these tests are very limited due to their costs and are not very suitable for sensitivity analysis. Controlled laboratory tests seem to be the best option for predicting initiation and breakdown pressures. Test parameters such as fracturing fluid properties and principal stresses can be controlled with great precision to achieve accurate results. However, same as field tests, laboratory experiments are expensive. Core samples are limited and are expensive. Coring operation can take 4 to 5 days of rig time to take a 90 ft core. Geomechanical tests can take up to three days of a laboratory technician time per sample. Consequently, this will limit the number of tests to be done, and as a result it causes limitations on the conclusions that can be drawn from these tests. Simulation studies on the other hand do not have these limitations and can be used for as many times as desired to perform sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a simulation model that is based on distinct element method. It is used to study the fracture initiation and breakdown pressure during hydraulic fracturing tests. The accuracy of the model was justified through comparison between laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Four sandstone samples from two different sandstone types and a synthetic cement sample were used in the experimental studies. The tests were performed in True Tri-axial Stress Cell (TTC) with the capability to inject fluid into the samples. Simulation results demonstrate good agreement with experimental results. Fracture propagation path was found to be very similar. Fractures propagated in the direction of maximum horizontal stress.

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Section: Comparison Between Numerical Simulation and Experimental Stusupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation for the determination of hydraulic fracture initiation and breakdown pressure using distinct element method

Fatahi

Hossain

Fallahzadeh

et al. 2016

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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show abstract

“…The maximum and minimum horizontal stresses, in pounds per square inch, were determined to be 0.68 to 0.95 and 0.60 to 0.69 times the depth in feet, respectively, for nonsalt units. In the Unit 4 and Unit 5 salt, the minimum horizontal stress and the vertical stress (in pounds per square inch) are approximately equal to each other and to 1.14 times the depth in feet, although recent experimental work suggests that hydraulic fracturing consistently overestimates the minimum stress in salt (Boyce et al, 1984). The magnitude of difference between maximum and minimum horizontal stresses in salt could not be determined (Borjeson and Lamb, 1984).…”

Section: Rockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental assessment: Deaf Smith County site, Texas

1986

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FOREWORDThe Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (the Act) established a process for the selection of sites for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in geologic repositories. The first steps in this process were the identification of potentially acceptable sites and the development of general guidelines for siting repositories. In February 1983, the DOE identified nine sites in six States as potentially acceptable for the first repository. The Deaf Smith County site in Deaf Smith County, Texas, was identified as one of those sites. The general guidelines were issued in November 1984 as Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 960. The DOE is now proceeding with the next step in the site-selection process for the first repository: the nomination of at least five of the nine potentially acceptable sites as suitable for site characterization, which is a program of detailed studies.The Act requires that site nomination be accompanied by an environmental assessment (EA). The DOE has prepared EAs for the nominated sites through a process that provided opportunity for public input. Public hearings were held during March, April, and May 1983 to obtain recommendations on the issues to be addressed in an EA. All such recommendations were considered in preparing the EAs. The DOE issued draft EAs for public review and comment in December 1984 and conducted a series of public hearings in February and March 1985. The issues raised in the comment letters and hearings were considered in preparing the final EAs. These issues are addressed in a comment-response document appended to the final EAs (Appendix C).The infoirmation presented in the EAs is derived from hundreds of technical reports containing more-detailed data and analyses. All of these reference documents are available to the public in various libraries and reading rooms; a listing of their locations is given in Appendix 5.After the nomination, the Secretary is required by the Act to recommend to the President not fewer th^n three of the nominated sites for characterization as candidate sites for the first repository. This recommendation will be submitted and documented in a separate report that is being issued separately from this environmental assessment. After submittal, the Act provides the President 60 days to approve or disapprove the candidate sites. The President may delay his decision for up to six months if he determines that the information supplied with the recommendation of the Secretary is insufficient to permit a decision within the 60-day period. If the'President does not approve, disapprove, or delay the decision, the candidate sites shall be considered approved. After the President approves the candidate sites, the DOE will start site characterization.

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Application of small-scale hydraulic fracturing for stress measurements in bedded salt

Bush

Barton

1989

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &am

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Laboratory hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in salt

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Numerical simulation for the determination of hydraulic fracture initiation and breakdown pressure using distinct element method

Numerical simulation for the determination of hydraulic fracture initiation and breakdown pressure using distinct element method

Environmental assessment: Deaf Smith County site, Texas

Application of small-scale hydraulic fracturing for stress measurements in bedded salt

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