Laboratory measurements of initial launch velocities of electrostatically lofted dust on airless planetary bodies

Carroll, A.; Hood, N.; Mike, R.; Wang, X.; Hsu, Hsiang-Wen; Horányi, M.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113972

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…54 However, recent experiments show that the electrostatic dust lifting is reciprocally proportional to the particle radius, depends on the particle shape, and shows a broad range of launch angles. 55 Some of these charged particles merge via cohesive forces into clumps. 56 These clumps increase in mass, which decreases their levitating height during the next lunar sunrise.…”

Section: Quantification Of Lunar Impact Dust Accumulation Rates On La...mentioning

confidence: 99%

EarthShine: Observing our world as an exoplanet from the surface of the Moon

Boyd

Wilson

Smale

et al. 2022

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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NASA's return to the Moon coincides with explosive growth in exoplanet discovery.Missions are being formulated to search for habitable planets orbiting other stars, making this the ideal time to deploy an instrument suite to the lunar surface to help us recognize a habitable exoplanet when we see it. We present EarthShine, a technically mature, three-instrument suite to observe the whole Earth from the Moon as an exoplanet proxy. EarthShine data will validate and improve models critical for designing missions to image and characterize exoplanets, thus informing observing strategies for flagship missions to directly image exoplanets. EarthShine will answer interconnected questions in Earth and lunar science, exoplanets, and astrobiology, related to the credo "follow the water." EarthShine can take advantage of current NASA programs to conduct science from the Moon with low-cost, mature space hardware to reduce risk and assure success. Like the 1968 Apollo Earthrise image of our home planet, lonely in the black sky, the appeal of EarthShine to a multidisciplinary array of researchers in Earth Science, Planetary Science, and astrophysics will maximize both its scientific impact and its impact on the general public.

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Section: Quantification Of Lunar Impact Dust Accumulation Rates On La...mentioning

confidence: 99%

EarthShine: Observing our world as an exoplanet from the surface of the Moon

Boyd

Wilson

Smale

et al. 2022

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The measurable particle size is in the range of 0.5-90 μm with measurement accuracy of 0.5%. In previous studies, as shown in Table 1, the dust transport process was recorded by a high-speed video camera, and dust velocities and diameters were extracted from stacked images (Wang et al 2016;Hood et al 2018;Örger et al 2019;Carroll et al 2020). However, partial dust migration cannot be detected or tracked by cameras, such as grains whose diameters were lower than several microns (limited by the image resolution), grains that cannot reflect sufficient light consistently, and grains that travel away from the focus range of the camera (Örger et al 2019).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these laboratory results, a new "patched charge model" has been proposed to explain that, in typical plasma conditions, the net electrostatic force according to the shared model is not enough to overcome gravity (Wang et al 2016). Then, when exposed to a 120 eV electron beam, the lifting rate of dust grains over time (Hood et al 2018) and the initial launch velocities of these dust grains (Carroll et al 2020) have been discussed. The results show that such intense electrostatic dust lifting can only last over a short duration and that the launch velocity of electrostatically lifted dust is related to its particle size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on the Electrostatic Transport of Charged Anorthite Particles under Electron Beam Irradiation

Hong

Zhang

et al. 2022

ApJ

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To reveal the effect of secondary electron emission on the charging properties of a surface covered by micron-sized insulating dust particles and the migration characteristics of these particles, for the first time we used a laser Doppler method to measure the diameters and velocities of micron-sized anorthite particles under electron beam irradiation with an incident energy of 350 eV. Here, anorthite particles are being treated as a proxy for lunar regolith. We experimentally confirm that the vertical transport of anorthite particles is always dominant, although horizontal transport occurs. In our experiments, some anorthite particles were observed to have large vertical velocities up to 9.74 m s−1 at the measurement point. The upper boundary of the vertical velocities V z of these high-speed anorthite particles are well constrained by its diameter D, that is, V z 2 linearly depends on D −2. These velocity–diameter data provide strong constraints on the dust charging and transportation mechanisms. The shared charge model could not explain the observed velocity–diameter data. Both the isolated charge model and patched charge model appear to require a large dust charging potential of −350 to −78 V to reproduce the observed data. The microstructures of the dusty surface may play an important role in producing this charging potential and in understanding the pulse migration phenomenon observed in our experiment. The presented results and analysis in this paper are helpful for understanding the dust charging and electrostatic transport mechanisms in airless celestial bodies such as the Moon and asteroids in various plasma conditions.

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“…The measurable particle size is in the range of 0.5 to 90 µm with measurement accuracy of 0.5%. In previous studies, as shown in Table 1, the dust transport process was recorded by a high-speed video camera, and dust velocities and diameters were extracted from stacked images (Wang et al 2016;Hood et al 2018;Örger et al 2019;Carroll et al 2020). However, partial Note-The diameter range represents the range of particle size that can be detected by the corresponding method, rather than the range of particle size measured in the research.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on the Electrostatic Transport of Charged Anorthite Particles under Electron Beam Irradiation

Gan,

Zhang,

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To reveal the effect of secondary electron emission on the charging properties of a surface covered by micron-sized insulating dust particles and the migration characteristics of these particles, for the first time, we used a laser Doppler method to measure the diameters and velocities of micron-sized anorthite particles under electron beam irradiation with an incident energy of 350 eV. Here, anorthite particles are being treated as a proxy for lunar regolith. We experimentally confirm that the vertical transport of anorthite particles is always dominant, although the horizontal transport occurs. In our experiments, some anorthite particles were observed to have large vertical velocities up to 9.74 m s −1 at the measurement point. The upper boundary of the vertical velocities V z of these high-speed anorthite particles are well constrained by its diameter D, that is, V 2 z linearly depends on D −2 . These velocitydiameter data provide strong constraints on the dust charging and transportation mechanisms. The shared charge model could not explain the observed velocity-diameter data. Both the isolated charge model and patched charge model appear to require a large dust charging potential of −350 to −78 V to reproduce the observed data. The micro-structures of the dusty surface may play an important role in producing this charging potential and in understanding the pulse migration phenomenon observed in our experiment. The presented results and analysis in this paper are helpful for understanding the dust charging and electrostatic transport mechanisms in airless celestial bodies such as the Moon and asteroids in various plasma conditions.

show abstract

Laboratory measurements of initial launch velocities of electrostatically lofted dust on airless planetary bodies

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

EarthShine: Observing our world as an exoplanet from the surface of the Moon

EarthShine: Observing our world as an exoplanet from the surface of the Moon

Experiments on the Electrostatic Transport of Charged Anorthite Particles under Electron Beam Irradiation

Experiments on the Electrostatic Transport of Charged Anorthite Particles under Electron Beam Irradiation

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