Laboratory models of sea straits

Anati, David A.; Assaf, Gad; Thompson, Rory

doi:10.1017/s0022112077002080

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Turner [1973] used observations by Browning [1971] to argue for a limiting structure controlled by a Richardson number criterion. Anati et al [1977] gave evidence that the thickness of the interface between the inflow and the outflow in a strait is controlled by a Richardson number criterion, combined with a Froude number criterion. Turner [1973] already illustrated how a Richardson number criterion can allow a 'sheet' and 'layer' structure as observed by Woods [1969].…”

Section: = 025 (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy by a breaking internal gravity wave

Thompson¹

1980

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: = 025 (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy by a breaking internal gravity wave

Thompson¹

1980

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Then from (89), n ~ ~, R ~ O. Expeciments by Stornmel and Farmer (1953) and Anati, Assaf and Thompson (1977) confirm the prediction that the two fluids have equal thicknesses in thoroughly mixed estuaries with small fresh water influx and I have derived this result theoretically (Long, 1976a). A second special case is one in which n = 0 so that no salt water enters and fresh water fills the estuary.…”

Section: Strongly Mixed Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Experiments by Stornmel and Farmer (1953), Assaf and Hecht (1974) and Anati, Assaf, and Thompson (1977) have shown that critical conditions do tend to occur in a variety of straits in laboratory models. If the strait is long, friction becomes important and critical conditi6ns occur at the ends of the strait.…”

Section: Strongly Mixed Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fjord Oceanography

1980

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No part of this book may be niproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher PREFACE Fjords are deep, glacia11y carved estuaries that are pecu1iar to certain coast1ines, and have severa1 characteristics that distinguish them from sha110wer embayments. At higher latitudes they indent the western coast1ines of Scandinavia, North and South America, and New Zea1and. They are a1so a common feature of much of the arctic coast1ine.The papers contained in this vo1ume were presented at a workshop funded by the NATO Advanced Studies Institute in Victoria, British Co1umbia. It may seem curious to the reader that this specia1 c1ass of estuaries shou1d have attracted an international gathering of oceanographers from severa1 different discip1ines. The reas on for this interest stems from both practica1 and scientific considerations. On the one hand, fjords are a feature common to the coast1ines of severa1 countries that depend heavi1y on the oceans for communication, fisheries and other resources. The impact of man's activities on these coasts has created a demand for new know1edge of the physica1, bio10gica1 and chemica1 aspects of fjords. Sometimes man's inf1uence on the ocean is intentiona1 as, for examp1e, in the artificia1 contro1 of ice cover; often it is the more insidious bui1d-up of toxic wastes that is of concern. These prob1ems are particu1ar1y acute where the conf1icting demands of fisheries, industria1 deve10pment and re creation meet in a sing1e fjord; and indeed, this is a common occurence a10ng severa1 of the fjords in Scandinavia and Canada. The need here is for a deeper understanding of nature's resi1ience, of the long term effects of po11ution and of the f1ushing abi1ity of the estuary.On the other hand, there are a1so scientific aspects having an intrinsic interest that command attention. As a pecu1iar oceanographic feature fjords have been studied both from a descript-1ve, or synoptic, point of view and a1so as a convenient place to study specific processes. Important contributions to this vo1ume inc1ude the description of a wide range of geographica11y and bio10gica11y distinct fjords. Thus we identify particu1ar T-S distributions characteristic of high 1atitude fjords containing icebergs, or particu1ar bio10gica1 and chemica1 features of fjords which are v PREFACE infequently flushed below sill depth. The broad range of scientific approaches to the study of fjords makes classification difficult, and different oceanographers would probably each seek different ways of grouping them. But this very diversity of fjord types emphasizes the other aspect that makes them peculiarly attractive to oceanographers: a place in which to study specific processes.Fjords exhibit many oceanographic processes occuring over a wide range of space and time seales. At the high frequency end of the spectrum, for example, tidal flows can generate turbulence, internal wave...

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“…Their results indicated that the interface is almost flat inside a strait, but the interface curves sharply at a control section (the strait's opening). This result is supported by a laboratory study [Anati et al, 1977]. However, the model is a kinematic theory which does not explain the nature of flow transition at a control section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The strait surface outflow

Wang¹

1987

J. Geophys. Res.

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A three-dimensional, primitive equation model is used to simulate the flow through a narrow strait. The flow within a strait has a simple two-layered structure with the interface located approximately at the middepth. However, the flow experiences a sharp transition at the strait's exit: the flow jumps from a subcritical velocity inside the strait to a supercritical velocity immediately outside the strait. Correspondingly, the density interface also slopes sharply upward to the surface. After exiting the strait the surface outflow tends to form an anticyclonic gyre to the right of the strait's exit. Most of the outflow water is trapped within the gyre, although some manages to escape through a narrow coastal current. These model results compare well with observations in the Tiran Strait and in the Gibraltar Strait and Alboran Sea. The model study indicates that the flow transition at the strait's exit and the formation of an anticyclonic gyre are unique features of the nonlinear self-advection of the density current. 10,807

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Laboratory models of sea straits

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy by a breaking internal gravity wave

Efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy by a breaking internal gravity wave

Fjord Oceanography

The strait surface outflow

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