Laboratory observations on the visual attack of the squid Todarodes pacificus

Flores, Ernesto

doi:10.24199/j.mmv.1983.44.16

Cited by 5 publications

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“…and O. maya hatchlings were never in contact with prey of any type prior to the treatments, the lack of a predatory response in Expts 1 and 2 cannot be explained in terms of the type of prey used. Hatchling production at UMDI-UNAM suggests that post-hatching octopuses ignore potential prey as long as the inner yolk has not been completely absorbed, but will respond to visual stimuli based on movement, body shape, prey size and probably contrast using a different visual signal selectively (Langridge 2009), but not color, since there is evidence that octopuses and cuttlefish are color-blind (see Messenger 1977, Flores 1983, Mäthger et al 2006. Sepia officinalis, another cephalopod with direct development, does not attack prey within the first 24 to 48 h post-hatching, a behavior that has also been correlated with a period of yolk absorption (Wells 1958).…”

Section: Morphometric and Physiological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) with special focus on the digestive system

Moguel¹,

Mascaró²,

Avila-Poveda³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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We examined changes in the histology, physiology and enzymatic activity of the digestive gland -as well as changes in morphology and feeding behavior -of Octopus maya during rearing, to define the phases characterizing post-hatching development. Morphometric changes showed that juvenile O. maya exhibited a non-growth phase during the first 10 d post-hatching (DPH). Histological analysis revealed that the digestive gland morphology changed with age, from a simple tubular gland in octopuses 2 DPH to a tubulo-acinar and vacuolar structure with digestive cells characterized by vacuoles in octopuses 45 DPH. Digestive enzyme activity was erratic until 14 DPH, after which the activity started to stabilize. O. maya at 2 and 3 DPH rarely presented attack responses to either visual or both visual and chemical stimuli from prey. In contrast, at 4 DPH, octopuses responded to visual stimuli from crabs and palaemonids, but did not display preference in attacking either prey type. Based on our results, we have defined for the first time 2 phases in the early life history of O. maya: post-hatching and juvenile.KEY WORDS: Cephalopoda · Digestive gland · Post-hatching development · Digestive enzyme · Feeding behavior · Octopus maya Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Biol 9: [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] 2010 immediately on post-hatching, as previously assumed for squid (Forsythe & Van Heukelem 1987), and that first-feeding hatchlings were extremely sensitive to starvation. The occurrence of the no net growth phase was only revealed after daily individual weight data had been obtained (Vidal et al. 2002).In a similar way, Boucaud-Camou & Boucher-Rodoni (1983) reported that Sepia officinalis hatchlings go through 3 stages that include (1) an embryonic phase characterized by intracellular yolk digestion, linear low growth rate, weak activity of the digestive gland and negative reactions of chymotrypsin, indicating negative extracellular digestion (during these first 4 d the animals do not eat); (2) a post-hatching phase that begins with the first meal inducing the secretory activity of the digestive gland that has grown at the expense of the inner yolk sac; and (3) a juvenile-adult phase, observed at the end of the first month of life, in which the digestive gland has the same histophysiology as that of adults and in which animals are able to catch a greater variety of prey. In this sense, Budelmann et al. (1997) pointed out that the microscopic anatomy of the digestive gland, like the duct appendages of cephalopods, undergoes a variety of changes during postembryonic and juvenile development that result in diverse anatomical features and functions, although some are not yet completely understood. These include (1) synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes; (2) absorption and metabolism of nutrients; (3) synthesis and storage of lipids, lipoproteins, glycogen, pigments, vitamins and protein; (4) binding of Fe, Cu, Ca and non-physiological hea...

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Section: Morphometric and Physiological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) with special focus on the digestive system

Moguel¹,

Mascaró²,

Avila-Poveda³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Nevertheless, it was sometimes employed by older paralarvae/early juveniles to capture sluggishly moving or motionless prey. It is quite interesting that this predatory behavior was observed in adults Doryteuthis pealeii also toward slowly moving or moribund shrimp prey (Kier and van Leeuwen, 1997), in adult ommastrephid squid (Flores, 1983), and in cuttlefish (Duval et al, 1984). Certainly, there will be variations of the AN between adults and paralarvae, but once it is established at the end of the first month of life it seems to persist until adulthood.…”

Section: Correlated Arm-crown Morphology Predatory Behavior and Prementioning

confidence: 99%

The Tentacular Strike Behavior in Squid: Functional Interdependency of Morphology and Predatory Behaviors During Ontogeny

Vidal

Salvador

2019

Front. Physiol.

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This study examines the relationship between morphology and predatory behaviors to evaluate the ontogeny of the specialized tentacular strike (TS) in Doryteuthis opalescens squid reared under laboratory conditions [hatching to 80 day-old; 2-16 mm mantle length (ML)]. Ontogenetic morphological changes in the arm-crown and the role played by the arms and tentacles during predatory behavior was correlated with prey types captured and revealed interconnected morphological and behavior traits that enabled paralarvae to perform the TS. Hatchlings have a poorly developed arm-crown and tentacles that resemble and function as arms, in which tentacular clubs (suckerfull non-contractile portion) and stalks (suckerless contractile portion) have not yet formed. Only a basic attack (BA) behavior was observed, involving arms and tentacles, which were not ejected during prey capture. A more elaborated behavior, the arm-net (AN) was first employed by 30 day-old (>4.7 mm ML) paralarvae, in which the tentacles were eject down, but not toward the prey. The TS was first observed in 40-50 dayold (6.7-7.8 mm ML) squid, which stay stationary by sustainable swimming prior to ejecting the tentacles toward the prey. Thus, the ability to perform sustainable swimming and acquisition of swimming coordination (schooling behavior) are prerequisites for the expression of the TS. The arms played the same roles after prey was captured: hold, subdue and manipulate the prey, while the actions performed by the tentacles truly defined each behavior. Prey size captured increased with increasing squid size. Morphometric data showed that hatchlings have little ability of elongating their tentacles, but this ability increases significantly with size. Squid older than 40 days could elongate their tentacles up to 61% of their ML, whereas early paralarvae 13% on average. Paralarvae were frequently observed elongating and contracting their tentacles, while not attempting to capture prey, which could perhaps serve to adjust muscle activity and development, while specializations for the strike-stalks, clubs, muscle fibers, armcrown and swimming coordination-are still being developed. The expression of the TS is constrained by development in early paralarvae as it involves interdependency of morphology and behavior and as such, represents a major developmental milestone in the early life history of squid.

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Comparison of the Ontogeny of Hunting Behavior in Pharaoh Cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) and Oval Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Sugimoto

Ikeda

2013

The Biological Bulletin

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Animals adopt various forms of hunting according to their ecological, morphological, and cognitive features, and their specific hunting skills are acquired ontogenetically in relation to these features. It is noted that cuttlefish and squid hunt prey through the elongation of tentacles used specifically to capture prey. However, these two cephalopods have different lifestyles, leading to questions such as whether hunting skill is acquired similarly after birth and whether tentacle elongation is behaviorally identical. To address these questions, we observed and compared how captive pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) and oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) attack prey during their early life stages. Like the adults, S. pharaonis hatchlings used the tentacular lunge attack, whereas S. lessoniana hatchlings used the arm-opening attack. S. lessoniana began to exhibit the tentacular strike attack after 30 days of age. In addition to timing of the emergence of a specific hunting mode, some differences were observed in the physical aspect of hunting behavior. For cuttlefish, maximum tentacle length and maximum speed of tentacle elongation increased from hatching to 30 days of age and then decreased. In contrast, for squid, maximum tentacle length increased from hatching to 30 days of age and then became constant. The distance to prey was positively correlated with maximum length and speed of tentacle elongation in S. pharaonis and with maximum swimming speed in S. lessoniana. These results show that cuttlefish mainly use an ambush strategy and that squid use a pursuit strategy. Possible causes for the ontogenetic differences in hunting behavior are discussed.

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Laboratory observations on the visual attack of the squid Todarodes pacificus

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) with special focus on the digestive system

Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes during post-hatching development of Octopus maya (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) with special focus on the digestive system

The Tentacular Strike Behavior in Squid: Functional Interdependency of Morphology and Predatory Behaviors During Ontogeny

Comparison of the Ontogeny of Hunting Behavior in Pharaoh Cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) and Oval Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

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